Age and field independence among women

Abstract

Age and the relationship to field independence, as measured by the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), among a sample of 160 creative women was studied. Comparisons were made between the mean EFT scores of creatine women and the mean scores of a sample of women not selected for creativity and the mean scores of two samples of men. Creative women were shown to be more field independent than women not selected for creativity and as field independence as two samples of younger men. A small but significant correlation between age and field independence was found. Older women, creative or not creative, were less field independent than younger women.

Relationship of Field Dependence/Independence with Learning Styles and Locus of Control among Registered Nurses

“…As age and years in nursing increased, the Group Embedded Figures Test scores decreased or subjects scored more global in perceptual style. This has also been reported by Cionini, et al (1979), Larsen (1982), and Crosson (1984). These and other studies suggest that as persons grow older, they score as more field dependent.…”

“…Table 5 shows the Pearson correlations among ages, Group Embedded Magaro, and Velecogna (1979), Larsen (1982), and Crosson (1984).…”

I See What You Don't See

“…FI individuals perform better on spatial ability tests, resulting in a higher overall IQ compared with FD individuals. Older people are more field dependent than younger people (e.g., Crosson 1984), even if general intelligence is controlled for (see Panek 1985). As originally reported by Witkin et al (1962), there is also evidence that men are more field independent than women (e.g., McLeod 1987).…”

The relevance of logical thinking and cognitive style to everyday problem solving among older adults

“…Karp (1967) and Crosson (1984) described a consistent increase of field dependent cognitive style among older adults. Markus and Nielsen (1963), studying the concept of field dependency among older adults, found that age is positively associated with a field dependent cognitive style.…”