Age and Gender Differences in Stress Responses during Simulated Driving

Matthews, Gerald; Joyner, Lucy A.; Newman, Rachel

doi:10.1177/154193129904301802

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Results showed that: (i) age negatively affects all driving measures considered in this study; (ii) measures of overall cognitive functioning significantly predicted traffic stress resilience and the ability to manage an overview of the traffic visual scene; (iii) measures of object-based spatial mental transformation significantly predicted the performance in both stress resilience and visual reaction task; (iv) significant effects of self-based spatial skills were found on stress resilience and, in interaction with the gender, on visual acquisition; and (v) the interaction between cognitive and demographic predictors mitigated in a non-significant way the effects of these predictors only on measures of stress resilience and speed reaction but not on measures of motor speed and visual acquisition. The background research approaching individual differences in driving performance demonstrated that aging affects driving skills due to decline in sensory, cognitive, and motor functioning (e.g., Matthews et al, 1999;Mathias and Lucas, 2009;Fraade-Blanar et al, 2018;Kunishige et al, 2019;Ledger et al, 2019a). The current study supports previous findings in which gender differences were related to differences in stress vulnerability (Matthews et al, 1999) and in reaction times (Matthews et al, 1999;Der and Deary, 2006;Dykiert et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The background research approaching individual differences in driving performance demonstrated that aging affects driving skills due to decline in sensory, cognitive, and motor functioning (e.g., Matthews et al, 1999 ; Mathias and Lucas, 2009 ; Fraade-Blanar et al, 2018 ; Kunishige et al, 2019 ; Ledger et al, 2019a ). The current study supports previous findings in which gender differences were related to differences in stress vulnerability ( Matthews et al, 1999 ) and in reaction times ( Matthews et al, 1999 ; Der and Deary, 2006 ; Dykiert et al, 2012 ). Regarding education, previous research showed that level of education was not related to vehicle-crash involvement when compared to other variables, such as annual mileage ( Lourens et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Cordellieri et al (2016) demonstrated that young male drivers were more prone to accept driving violations, speeding, and alcohol and drugs use. Females show greater stress vulnerability while driving than males ( Matthews et al, 1999 ). Males also showed better performance than females in simple, but not in complex, reaction tasks ( Dykiert et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Mental Transformation Skills Discriminate Fitness to Drive in Young and Old Adults

et al. 2020

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Literature on driving research suggests a relationship between cognition and driving performance in older and younger drivers. There is little research on adults and driving, despite them being the largest age cohort behind the wheel. Among the cognitive domains, visuospatial abilities are expected to be highly predictive of driving skills and driving fitness. The relationship between specific spatial mental transformation skills (i.e., object and self-based ones) and driving performance has not yet been examined. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between overall cognitive functioning, self and object-based spatial mental transformation skills, and driving performance in a sample of younger and older adult drivers. Participants were comprised of one hundred younger and 83 older adult Italian drivers. Participants completed a computerized driving test assessing traffic stress resilience, visual and motor reaction time, and the ability to obtain an overview of the traffic scenario (DT, vRT, mRT, and ATAV respectively in the Shufried®-Vienna Test System–DRIVESC). The Mental Rotation Test (MRT) and the Object Perspective Taking Test (OPT) were administered in order to assess object-based and self-based spatial mental transformation skills. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) was administered control for global cognitive functioning. The effects of education and gender were also controlled in the analysis. The results of the present study suggested that: (1) The effect of age, favoring younger participants, was found in DT, vRT, mRT, and ATAVT tests. (2) The effect of global cognitive functioning was found in DT and ATAV tests. (3) The effect of the spatial mental transformation tests was found in DT, vRT (MRT only), and ATAVT (OPT only) tests. Taken together, these results suggest the specific contribution of spatial mental transformation skills in the execution of complex behaviors connected to the fitness to drive. Prospectively, the results of the present study relating spatial mental transformation skills and driving processes may be a valuable source of knowledge for researchers dealing with the relationship between cognitive resources and navigation aids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Mental Transformation Skills Discriminate Fitness to Drive in Young and Old Adults

et al. 2020

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“…This was found regardless of general control beliefs or controllability condition, perhaps because the driving domain coupled with divided attention involving cognitive tests is particularly stressful for older adults (Matthews et al, 1999). Interestingly, younger participants did not show a cortisol response to the driving challenge, on average, as shown in Figure 2, perhaps because they have more experience with video/driving games or find driving and divided attention to cognitive tasks less stressful than older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol response to challenge involving low controllability: The role of control beliefs and age

Agrigoroaei¹,

Polito²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Biological Psychology

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Cortisol responses are typically more pronounced under low controllability conditions, yet little is known about the role of individual differences. This study examined whether cortisol response to a situation with low controllability differs as a function of preexisting control beliefs and age. We manipulated level of controllability using a driving simulator. Control beliefs were assessed prior to the lab session. Salivary cortisol was measured before and after the driving simulation. Participants were 152 adults aged 22-84 from a Boston area sample. In comparison to the normal controllability condition, those in the low controllability condition reported less perceived control over driving, supporting the effectiveness of the manipulation. In the low controllability condition those with higher control beliefs showed a greater cortisol response than those with low control beliefs. Older adults showed a greater cortisol response than younger adults during the challenge. Implications of acute cortisol responses for performance outcomes are discussed.

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“…Effects of age on performance were stronger than those of either gender or stress. (Matthews, 1999(Matthews, , 1009.…”

Section: Identify Research and Collect Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Levels Among the Senior High School Students in Practical

Mendoza¹,

Minguito²,

Moneva³

2019

IJSRP

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Stress is something that causes anxiety or depression, it comes from schooling, church, or even at home. It is the reaction of one's body and mind to something that causes a change in the balance. Although senior high school students may encounter common stressors in secondary level, perceptions of what are considered as academic stressors may differ. The study is entitled; "Stress Levels of Senior High School Students in Practical Research 2." This study was in a quantitative design. This study aimed to know the level of stress experienced by senior high school students in Practical Research 2. For the purpose of the study, all grade-12 students in Jagobiao National High School are required to answer the questionnaires in rating scale form. Results indicates that causes of these stress levels is correlated with the three categories the researchers created-gender, strand and economic status of students. It can be inferred that there is a significant association of stress levels between gender and the content of students. It was also found that there is no significant association of stress levels between gender and the skills and attitude of students. Moreover, there is no significant association of stress when students are categorized according to strand by content, skills/performance and attitude. Lastly, with regards to economic status, content and attitude was found to be significant among students. However, skills has no significant association with economic status of students. Confounding factors, such as sample size, are addressed. Suggestions for the future research are provided.

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Age and Gender Differences in Stress Responses during Simulated Driving

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial Mental Transformation Skills Discriminate Fitness to Drive in Young and Old Adults

Spatial Mental Transformation Skills Discriminate Fitness to Drive in Young and Old Adults

Cortisol response to challenge involving low controllability: The role of control beliefs and age

Stress Levels Among the Senior High School Students in Practical

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