Age and Gender Influence Upon Self-Reported Leadership Attributes during Recruitment

Self-reported Attributes Associated with Cognition and Motivation as a Function of Gender

“…Although age had a significant effect for both cognition and motivation, the impact of gender was not influenced. This result was different compared to the reduced gender effects that were found for eight JMT scales in a previous study [18].…”

“…Consequently, it comes as no surprise that it is both organizational and personal factors that emerge as gender-related challenges against women attempting to procure leader status [9]. As indicated previously [18], organizational obstacles have been shown to occur through gender-stereotyping and preexisting "good-old-boys" networks whereas personal influences included a paucity of leadership aspirations (see above), often arising from an insufficiency of role models, family and parenthood and a surfeit of workplace mentors. A 'transformational leadership' with greater interpersonal-orientation was more likely to be endorsed be female applicants to executive posts [19][20][21].…”

“…The finding that the Cognition and Motivation "toolboxes" for women was 'smaller' than that of the men does not imply a higher leadership prowess by the latter but rather that each possess slightly differing 'tools' for employment since it is the application of those leadership tools that remains the major issue. It was shown previously that "Willingness-to-take-risks" was observed to be the single attribute upon which female and male applicants differ with the latter expressing a greater extent [18]. None of the participants gave differing patterns over gender for Cognition and Motivation, as follows:…”

What Drives Ambition? Personality, Self-Perceived Leadership Potential, and the “Desire to Be Your Own Boss”

“…There many commercial leadership self-assessment tools but not appear to be many studies on self-rated leadership ability though it may be that early learning experience has convinced some people that they "have what it takes". Those studies that do exist show the above pattern: males tend to self-rate higher than females, and correlations between self-rated and actual ability are positive but modest (Archer et al, 2016;Moore & Rudd, 2005). However, it is also clear that some people, though they might believe they have leadership ability, do not seek out leadership positions because of the problems that come with the role (Pendleton & Furnham, 2017).…”