Age- and sex-related differences in body composition in healthy subjects aged 18 to 82 years

He, Xue; Li, Zishuai; Tang, Xunhui; Zhang, Lijun; Wang, Li; He, Yongjun; Tianbo, Jin; Yuan, Dongya

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000011152

Cited by 85 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Interestingly, the proportion of whole-body fat was statistically higher in treated non-cPKU patients as compared to cPKU ( P = 0.048). In multiple regression analysis of the treated group, abdominal and whole-body fat correlated with age and sex ( Table 3 ), similarly as described in general populations ( 20 , 21 ). Despite the fact that treated and untreated groups were unbalanced in sex and age, the differences between these two groups in body fat proportions were not statistically significant ( Tables 1 and 2 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Anthropometry and bone mineral density in treated and untreated hyperphenylalaninemia

Tanšek

Bertoncel

Sebez

et al. 2020

Endocrine Connections

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Despite recent improvements in the composition of the diet, lower mineral bone density and overweight tendencies are incoherently described in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The impact of dietary factors and plasma phenylalanine levels on growth, body mass index, body composition, and bone mineral density was investigated in our cohort of patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) with or without dietary treatment. The anthropometric, metabolic, body mass index and other nutritional indicators and bone mineral density were compared between the group of 96 treated patients with PKU (58 classic PKU (cPKU) and 38 patients with moderate-mild PKU defined as non-classic PKU (non-cPKU)) and the untreated group of 62 patients with benign HPA. Having compared the treated and untreated groups, there were normal outcomes and no statistically significant differences in body mass index, body composition, and bone mineral density. Lower body height standard deviation scores were observed in the treated as compared to the untreated group (p <0.001), but the difference was not significant when analyzing patients older than 18 years; however, cPKU adults were shorter compared to non-cPKU treated adults (p=0.012). Interestingly, the whole-body fat was statistically higher in non-cPKU as compared to cPKU patients. In conclusion, the dietary treatment ensures adequate nutrition without significant consequences in body mass index, body composition, and bone mineral density. A low protein diet may delay the growth in childhood, but the treated patients gain a normal final height. Mild untreated hyperphenylalaninemia characteristic for benign HPA has no negative physiological effect on bone mineral density.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Anthropometry and bone mineral density in treated and untreated hyperphenylalaninemia

Tanšek

Bertoncel

Sebez

et al. 2020

Endocrine Connections

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“…A limitation of this study is the use of total body weight as the main exposure. Although total body weight has been largely used in epidemiological studies as a marker of overweight and obesity, it is limited by its inability to distinguish between fat and muscle mass, which vary with age and sex31 32 and could have different effects on lung function, as previously shown in children 33. Also, we defined weight change categories using only weight measures at baseline and last follow-up to capture ‘stable’ weight change patterns and facilitate the interpretability of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and weight change are associated with adult lung function trajectories: the prospective ECRHS study

Peralta

Marcon

Carsin

et al. 2020

Thorax

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BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an association between weight increase and excess lung function decline in young adults followed for short periods. We aimed to estimate lung function trajectories during adulthood from 20-year weight change profiles using data from the population-based European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).MethodsWe included 3673 participants recruited at age 20–44 years with repeated measurements of weight and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) in three study waves (1991–93, 1999–2003, 2010–14) until they were 39–67 years of age. We classified subjects into weight change profiles according to baseline body mass index (BMI) categories and weight change over 20 years. We estimated trajectories of lung function over time as a function of weight change profiles using population-averaged generalised estimating equations.ResultsIn individuals with normal BMI, overweight and obesity at baseline, moderate (0.25–1 kg/year) and high weight gain (>1 kg/year) during follow-up were associated with accelerated FVC and FEV1 declines. Compared with participants with baseline normal BMI and stable weight (±0.25 kg/year), obese individuals with high weight gain during follow-up had −1011 mL (95% CI −1.259 to −763) lower estimated FVC at 65 years despite similar estimated FVC levels at 25 years. Obese individuals at baseline who lost weight (<−0.25 kg/year) exhibited an attenuation of FVC and FEV1 declines. We found no association between weight change profiles and FEV1/FVC decline.ConclusionModerate and high weight gain over 20 years was associated with accelerated lung function decline, while weight loss was related to its attenuation. Control of weight gain is important for maintaining good lung function in adult life.

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“…Interestingly, the resistance of bats to the toxic effect of COVID-19 is explained by a well-balanced immune response with a mild inflammatory component [ 56 ]. Furthermore, ACE2 expression in the lungs has been reported to increase with age [ 57 ], and, finally, the proportion of fat mass also increases with age [ 58 ]. Thus, geriatric patients might also be at greater risk of a cytokine storm if their body mass index does not fall within the obesity range.…”

Section: Age As a Potential Driver Of Interventions Targeting The Renmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cross-Talk between Age, Hypertension and Inflammation in COVID-19 Patients: Therapeutic Targets

Casucci¹,

Acanfora²,

Incalzi

2020

Drugs Aging

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This paper presents a brief overview of the complex interaction between age, hypertension, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), inflammation, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is more frequent and more severe in comorbid elderly patients, especially those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or cardiovascular diseases. There are concerns regarding the use of RAAS inhibitors in patients with COVID-19. Some physicians have considered the need for interrupting RAAS inhibition in order to reduce the possibility of SARS-CoV2 entering lung cells after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. We offer a different point of view in relation to the need for continuing to use RAAS inhibitors in patients with COVID-19. We focused our article on elderly patients because of the distinctive imbalance between the immune response, which is depressed, and the exacerbated inflammatory response, ‘inflammaging’, which makes the geriatric patient an appropriate candidate for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the inflammatory response. Indeed, COVID-19 is an inflammatory storm that starts and worsens during the course of the disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various therapeutic approaches have been tested, including antiviral drugs, interferon, anti-interleukins, hydroxychloroquine, anti-inflammatories, immunoglobulins from recovered patients, and heparins. Some of these therapeutic approaches did not prove to be beneficial, or even induced serious complications. Based on current evidence, in the early stages of the disease modulation of the inflammatory response through the inhibition of neprilysin and modulation of the RAAS could affect the course and outcome of COVID-19.

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Age- and sex-related differences in body composition in healthy subjects aged 18 to 82 years

Cited by 85 publications

References 36 publications

Anthropometry and bone mineral density in treated and untreated hyperphenylalaninemia

Anthropometry and bone mineral density in treated and untreated hyperphenylalaninemia

Body mass index and weight change are associated with adult lung function trajectories: the prospective ECRHS study

The Cross-Talk between Age, Hypertension and Inflammation in COVID-19 Patients: Therapeutic Targets

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