Age at menopause and cause-specific mortality in South Korean women: Kangwha Cohort Study

Hong, Jae Seok; Yi, Sang-Wook; Kang, Hee Chung; Jee, Sun Ha; Kang, Hyung Gon; Bayasgalan, Gombojav; Ohrr, Heechoul

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.11.004

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, how differently obesity affects stroke between ever smokers and never smokers or between women going through early menopause and late menopause is not yet clearly established. 4,11,12 Moreover, the relationship between stroke and BMI might be different in relatively lean Korean women. 4 With the increased longevity of women and the growing socioeconomic burden from stroke, we need to identify risk factors pertaining to strokes of postmenopausal women to help prevent stroke.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Stroke Mortality by Smoking and Age at Menopause Among Korean Postmenopausal Women

Odongua²,

Nam³

et al. 2009

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-The association between body mass index and mortality caused by subtypes of stroke among postmenopausal women in terms of smoking status and age at menopause remains controversial. Methods-The data were derived from a cohort study of 3321 with 17.8 years of follow-up (1985 to 2002). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for strokes as related to body mass index were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, hypertension, smoking, drinking, occupation, education, self-reported health, and age at menopause. A stratified analysis was conducted by age at menopause and smoking status. Results-The obese group (body mass index Ն27.5 kg/m 2 ) had higher risks of total stroke mortality (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.42) and hemorrhagic stroke mortality (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.37 to 6.19) than the normal weight group (18.5Յ body mass index Ͻ23.0). Among ever smokers, the obese group showed significantly increased risks of total stroke mortality (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.00 to 5.43) and ischemic stroke mortality (HR, 7.21; 95% CI, 1.18 to 44.3). Obesity had more effect on stroke mortality among women who experienced menopause at age Ͻ50 than women with age Ն50. For the obese group of the former, the HR of total stroke was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.25 to 3.34) and that of hemorrhagic stroke 6.46 (95% CI, 2.42 to 17.25). Conclusions-In this prospective study, obesity raised the risks of total stroke mortality and hemorrhagic stroke mortality among Korean menopausal women. It was more evident with women who experienced menopause at age Ͻ50. The obese group of ever smokers was at an increased risk of ischemic stroke mortality.

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confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Stroke Mortality by Smoking and Age at Menopause Among Korean Postmenopausal Women

Odongua²,

Nam³

et al. 2009

Stroke

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“…Other studies with the most comparable age ranges (approximately ‡ 80 years of attained age) have found no relationship between age at natural menopause and mortality 8,13,14,22 or increased mortality risk among women with early menopause only. 1,7,8 However, the younger subsamples of 70-79 years 13 and a sample with a broader age range 12 showed a U-shaped relationship between age at natural menopause and risk for ischemic heart disease mortality. Differences in the pattern of association between natural age at menopause and mortality between the Iowa EPESE and the results from previous cohorts may relate to variation in the distribution of attained age at death.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, characteristics of menopause may indicate later life health risks, related to hormonal exposures or other processes that may influence the risk for cardiovascular mortality in particular. 1,2 Most previous analyses have found relationships of moderate strength between early age at natural menopause and increased risk of all-cause 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and cardiovascular mortality. 1,5,7,9,10,[12][13][14] Surgical menopause may also be related to the overall intrinsic rate of biological aging.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Most previous analyses have found relationships of moderate strength between early age at natural menopause and increased risk of all-cause 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and cardiovascular mortality. 1,5,7,9,10,[12][13][14] Surgical menopause may also be related to the overall intrinsic rate of biological aging. Women who experience surgical menopause, and in particular early surgical menopause, may have less favorable underlying health profiles and poorer health later in life [15][16][17][18] compared with women who experience natural menopause.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…13,22 Yet other studies have demonstrated that early age at menopause is associated with mortality only in women with older attained age. 1,7 The objectives of this study were to investigate associations of type and timing of menopause with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over 24 years of follow-up among a group of women who were aged 65 years and over at baseline. The older age distribution of participants will further clarify the associations between type and age at menopause with mortality at oldest attained ages.…”

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Type and Timing of Menopause and Later Life Mortality among Women in the Iowa Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE) Cohort

Tom

Cooper

Wallace

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: The relationship between menopausal characteristics and later life mortality is unclear. We tested the hypotheses that women with surgical menopause would have increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with women with natural menopause, and that women with earlier ages at natural or surgical menopause would have greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than women with later ages at menopause. Methods: Women who participated in the Iowa cohort of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (n = 1684) reported menopausal characteristics and potential confounding variables at baseline and were followed up for up to 24 years. Participants were aged 65 years or older at baseline and lived in rural areas. We used survival analysis to examine the relationships between menopausal characteristics and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: A total of 1477 women (87.7% of respondents) died during the study interval. Women with an age at natural menopause ‡ 55 years had increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality compared with women who had natural menopause at younger ages. Type of menopause and age at surgical menopause were not related to mortality. These patterns persisted after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Conclusions: Among an older group of women from a rural area of the United States, later age at natural menopause was related to increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Monitoring the cardiovascular health of this group of older women may contribute to improved survival times.

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Association of Age at Onset of Menopause and Time Since Onset of Menopause With Cardiovascular Outcomes, Intermediate Vascular Traits, and All-Cause Mortality

et al. 2016

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Role of the Funder/Sponsor: Metagenics Inc. had no role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review or approval of the manuscript.The funder/sponsor did not have the ability to veto publication of study results. Data Extraction: Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-designed data collection form. Word count text: 3494 wordsMain outcomes and Measures: CVD outcomes (composite CVD, fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and overall stroke and stroke mortality), CVD-mortality, all-cause mortality and intermediate CVD endpoints.Results: Out of initially identified references, 32 studies were selected, including 310,329 non-overlapping women. Women with a menopausal age of younger than 45 years compared to women with a menopausal age of 45 years or older, the relative risk (RR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] was 1.50(1.28-1.76) for overall CHD, 1.11(1.03-1.20) for fatal CHD, 1.23 (0.98-1.53) for overall stroke, 0.99 (0.92-1.07) for stroke mortality, 1.19(1.08-1.31) for CVD mortality and 1.12(1.03-1.21) for all-cause mortality. For women with a menopausal age between 50-54 years compared to women with a menopausal age of younger than 50 years, there was a decreased risk of fatal CHD (RR:0.87(95%CI:0.80-0.96)), and no effect on stroke. Duration since menopause in relation to risk of developing intermediate cardiovascular traits or CVD outcomes was reported in 4 observational studies, reporting no consistent results. Conclusions and Relevance:The findings of this review indicate an excess CHD, CVD-mortality and overall mortality risk in women who have an early or premature menopause.

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Age at menopause and cause-specific mortality in South Korean women: Kangwha Cohort Study

Cited by 90 publications

References 32 publications

Body Mass Index and Stroke Mortality by Smoking and Age at Menopause Among Korean Postmenopausal Women

Body Mass Index and Stroke Mortality by Smoking and Age at Menopause Among Korean Postmenopausal Women

Type and Timing of Menopause and Later Life Mortality among Women in the Iowa Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE) Cohort

Association of Age at Onset of Menopause and Time Since Onset of Menopause With Cardiovascular Outcomes, Intermediate Vascular Traits, and All-Cause Mortality

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