Age, Criterion Flexibility, and Associative Recognition

Pendergrass, Regina; Olfman, Darlene; Schmalstig, Mariana; Seder, Kayley; Light, Leah L.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr071

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Other studies have reported that older adults are as skilled at flexibly adjusting their criterion placement as younger adults (e.g., Koutstaal, Schacter, Galluccio, & Stofer, 1999). For example, in Pendergrass, Olfman, Schmalstig, Seder, and Light (2012), participants studied a list of word pairs and then received both a difficult test and an easy test. The difficult test list was composed of target pairs and foil pairs where foil pairs were constructed by rearranging studied items.…”

Section: Criterion Flexibility and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and response bias: Evidence from the strength-based mirror effect

Criss

Aue

Kiliç

2014

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Performance in episodic memory is determined both by accurate retrieval from memory and by decision processes. A substantial body of literature suggests slightly poorer episodic memory accuracy for older than younger adults; however, age-related changes in the decision mechanisms in memory have received much less attention. Response bias, the willingness to endorse an item as remembered, is an important decision factor that contributes to episodic memory performance, and therefore understanding age-related changes in response bias is critical to theoretical development. We manipulate list strength in order to investigate two aspects of response bias. First, we evaluate whether criterion placement in episodic memory differs for older and younger adults. Second, we ask whether older adults have the same degree of flexibility to adjust the criterion in response to task demands as younger adults. Participants were tested on weakly and strongly encoded lists where word frequency (Experiment 1) or similarity between targets and foils (Experiment 2) was manipulated. Both older and younger adults had higher hit rates and lower false-alarm rates for strong lists than for weak lists (i.e., a strength-based mirror effect). Older adults were more conservative (less likely to endorse an item as studied) than younger adults, and we found no evidence that older and younger adults differ in their ability to flexibly adjust their criterion based on the demands of the task.

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Section: Criterion Flexibility and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and response bias: Evidence from the strength-based mirror effect

Criss

Aue

Kiliç

2014

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…In contrast, a more conservation response criterion results in a higher likelihood of reporting that a target is absent. Adaptive response criteria have been observed among older adults in memory tasks (Baron & Surdy, 1990; Cassidy & Gutchess, 2015; Marquié & Baracat, 2000; Pendergrass, Olfman, Schmalstig, Seder, & Light, 2012) and auditory perception (Craik, 1969). In driving, adapting response criteria according to the demand and context of the target detection task may benefit older drivers in detecting road hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive response criteria in road hazard detection among older drivers

Feng

Choi

Craik

et al. 2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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OBJECTIVES The majority of existing investigations on attention, aging, and driving have focused on the negative impacts of age-related declines in attention on hazard detection and driver performance. However, driving skills and behavioral compensation may accommodate the negative effects that age-related attentional decline places on driving performance. In this study, we examined an important question that had been largely neglected in the literature linking attention, aging, and driving: can top-down factors such as behavioral compensation, specifically adaptive response criteria, accommodate the negative impacts from age-related attention declines on hazard detection during driving? METHODS In the experiment, we used the Drive Aware Task, a task combining the driving context with well-controlled laboratory procedures measuring attention. We compared younger (n = 16, age 21 – 30) and older drivers (n = 21, age 65 – 79) on their attentional processing of hazards in driving scenes, indexed by percentage of correct and reaction time of hazard detection, as well as sensitivity and response criterion using the signal detection analysis. RESULTS Older drivers, in general, were less accurate and slower on the task than younger drivers. However, results from this experiment also revealed that older, but not younger, drivers adapted their response criteria when the traffic condition changed in the driving scenes. When there was more traffic in the driving scene, older drivers became more liberal in their responses, meaning that they were more likely to report that a driving hazard was detected. CONCLUSIONS Older drivers adopt compensatory strategies on hazard detection during driving . Our findings showed that, in the driving context, even at an old age our attentional functions are still adaptive according to environmental conditions. This leads to considerations on potential training methods to promote adaptive strategies which may help older drivers maintaining performance in road hazard detection.

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“…To summarize, this study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating that older adults can adopt meta-cognitive strategies to improve their recognition performance (Barber & Mather, 2013b;da Silva & Sunderland, 2010;Pendergrass, et al, 2012). We also add to the literature the finding that providing older adults with bogus negative information about their face recognition ability seems to motivate them to employ a more effective recognition strategy, thereby increasing their actual ability to recognize faces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Both older and young adults can adjust their response criterion in relation to task difficulty, with both older and young adults adopting a more conservative response standard as test difficulty increases (Pendergrass, Olfman, Schmalstig, Seder & Light, 2012) and under conditions of stereotype threat (e.g., Barber & Mather, 2013b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%