Age dependent changes in plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the bovine male, female, and freemartin from birth to puberty: relationship between testosterone production and influence on sex differentiation

Rota, Ada; Ballarin, Cristina; Vigier, B.; Cozzi, Bruno; Rey, Rodolfo

doi:10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00514-2

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The plasma T concentrations in the present intact male calves, at 6 months of age, were greater than 1.0 ng/ml, except for the concentration in one calf (0.6 ng/ml), which was similar to that in normal bulls described in previous reports [27,29]. In general, plasma T concentrations decrease immediately after castration [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The AMH levels in all calves in the Castrated group were below the threshold for assay sensitivity (< 0.006 ng/ml). These findings are in agreement with previous observations of restricted expression of AMH by Sertoli cells in males [19]; moreover, the levels in blood decreased rapidly after castration [28].The plasma T concentrations in the present intact male calves, at 6 months of age, were greater than 1.0 ng/ml, except for the concentration in one calf (0.6 ng/ml), which was similar to that in normal bulls described in previous reports [27,29]. In general, plasma T concentrations decrease immediately after castration [29].…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The plasma AMH concentrations in normal male calves were about sevenfold higher than in females at birth and continued to increase until the calves were 5 months old [27]. In the present study, the plasma AMH concentrations in the Intact group at 6 months old were 1.9 ng/ml or more.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…The intra-abdominally retained testis is more likely to be on the left side [4,26]. In the present study, left-side cryptorchidism was present in 5 calves, while right-side cryptorchidism was present in 4 calves.The plasma AMH concentrations in normal male calves were about sevenfold higher than in females at birth and continued to increase until the calves were 5 months old [27]. In the present study, the plasma AMH concentrations in the Intact group at 6 months old were 1.9 ng/ml or more.…”

contrasting

confidence: 42%

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Profiles as a Novel Biomarker to Evaluate the Existence of a Functional Cryptorchid Testis in Japanese Black Calves

Kitahara

Ali

Sato

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone (T) profiles in blood were investigated before and after an hCG stimulation test to assess their sensitivity and specificity for the existence of a functional cryptorchid testis in Japanese Black calves. The hCG (3,000 IU) was administered on Day 0, and peripheral blood was collected on Days 0 (just before hCG injection), 5 and 7 in intact male calves (Intact; n=19), bilateral castrated calves (Castrated; n=17), unilateral cryptorchid calves, which abdominal testis could been extracted (Uni-crypto; n=9). Castration of a descended testis was carried in the Castrated and Uni-Crypto groups on Day -14. The AMH detectability and the optimum cut-off point for T levels using the receiver operating characteristic curve were verified to characterize the cryptorchid testis. AMH values on Day 0 were 21.1 ± 5.1 and 29.0 ± 7.5 ng/ml in the Intact and Uni-crypto groups, respectively (Mean ± SEM). AMH levels were under the detection limit in the Castrated group (i.e., < 0.006 ng/ml). T showed its peak levels on Day 5 in the Intact group (26.8 ± 4.2 ng/ml), while it remained low in the Castrated group (< 0.9 ng/ml) and did not show a significant difference in the Uni-crypto group. The detectable levels for AMH was 0.006 ng/ml, and the optimum cut-off point for T was 0.9 ng/ml; the sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of testicular descent into the scrotum were 1.0 for both the AMH and T levels. The detection rates in the Uni-crypto group using them were 1.0 and 0.57 for AMH on Day 0 and T on Days 5 or 7, respectively. In conclusion, plasma AMH profiles could be used as a novel biomarker to evaluate the existence of a functional cryptorchid testis in Japanese Black calves. Key words: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), Bovine cryptorchidism, hCG stimulation test, Receiver operating characteristic, Testosterone (J. Reprod. Dev. 58: [310][311][312][313][314][315] 2012) C ryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum during the first trimester of pregnancy [1]. The plausible causes of cryptorchidism include insufficient secretion of insulin-like peptide 3 and/or testosterone (T) [1]. Cryptorchidism is most common in stallions, boars and some breeds of canine, but is rare in most other species [2,3]. The rate of morbidity with cryptorchidism in cattle is 0.2% [4]. The internal body temperature that surrounds the intra-abdominal retained testes associated with cryptorchidism is higher in comparison with that in the scrotum; this compromises spermatogenesis [5].Calves with a cryptorchid testis are commonly detected at castration [3]. If they have unilateral cryptorchid testes, the contralateral descended testes are extracted on the same day, and the cryptorchid testis is then usually looked for by laparotomy on another day. However, exteriorization of an abdominal testis is difficult [6].Fattening bulls with cryptorchidism in the later growing stages usually result in bulls with a stout body type that exhibit masculine characteristics in the ne...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

contrasting

confidence: 42%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Profiles as a Novel Biomarker to Evaluate the Existence of a Functional Cryptorchid Testis in Japanese Black Calves

Kitahara

Ali

Sato

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…We also performed staining them with an antibody against AMH, another marker for Sertoli cells, but no AMH-positive cells were detected (data not shown). This could be because the AMH activity was too low to be detected in the 6-month-old freemartin calf [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence for Almost Complete Sex-reversal in Bovine Freemartin Gonads: Formation of Seminiferous Tubule-like Structures and Transdifferentiation into Typical Testicular Cell Types

Harikae

Tsunekawa

Hiramatsu

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. During mammalian sex determination of XY fetuses, SRY induces SOX9 in Sertoli cells, resulting in formation of testes with seminiferous tubules, interstitial Leydig cells and peritubular myoid cells. Meanwhile XX fetuses without SRY develop ovaries. In cattle, most XX heifers born with a male twin, so-called freemartins, develop nonfunctioning ovaries and genitalia with an intersex phenotype. Interestingly, freemartins sometimes develop highly masculinized gonads with seminiferous tubule-like structures despite the absence of SRY. However, in these cases, the degree of masculinization in each gonadal somatic cell type is unclear. Here, we report a rare case of a freemartin Japanese black calf with almost complete XX sexreversal. Gross anatomical analysis of this calf revealed the presence of a pair of small testis-like gonads with rudimentary epididymides, in addition to highly masculinized genitalia including a pampiniform plexus, scrotum and vesicular gland. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of these masculinized gonads revealed well-defined seminiferous tubulelike structures throughout the whole gonadal parenchyma. In epithelia of these tubules, SOX9-positive supporting cells (i.e., Sertoli cells) were found to be arranged regularly along the bases of tubules, and they were also positive for GDNF, one of the major factors for spermatogenesis. 3β-HSD-positive cells (i.e., Leydig cells) and SMA-positive peritubular myoid cells were also identified around tubules. Therefore, for the first time, we found the transdifferentiation of ovarian somatic cells into all testicular somatic cell types in the XX freemartin gonads. These data strongly support the idea of a high sexual plasticity in the ovarian somatic cells of mammalian gonads.

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Reproductive Problems

2004

Reproduction in Cattle

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Age dependent changes in plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the bovine male, female, and freemartin from birth to puberty: relationship between testosterone production and influence on sex differentiation

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Profiles as a Novel Biomarker to Evaluate the Existence of a Functional Cryptorchid Testis in Japanese Black Calves

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Profiles as a Novel Biomarker to Evaluate the Existence of a Functional Cryptorchid Testis in Japanese Black Calves

Evidence for Almost Complete Sex-reversal in Bovine Freemartin Gonads: Formation of Seminiferous Tubule-like Structures and Transdifferentiation into Typical Testicular Cell Types

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