Age effects on carbon fluxes in temperate pine forests

Peichl, Matthias; Arain, M. Altaf; Brodeur, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.04.008

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A suite of standard instruments for soil temperature and soil moisture measurements at several depths is also installed at each site. More details of site-specific instrumentation, stand and soil characteristics are given in previous studies (Arain and Restrepo-Coupe, 2005;Khomik et al, 2010;McLaren et al, 2008;Peichl and Arain, 2006;Peichl et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…elevated soil nitrogen and pH; see Table 1). In addition, high site productivity at the 20-yearold site, TP89, is further due to a shallow ground water table that allows trees to have continuous access to water (Peichl et al, 2010a). Each site has a tower instrumented for eddy covariance flux and meteorological measurements.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more detailed description is provided by . For each of the three younger sites, data from all years were pooled and site-specific models were developed based on parameterization to environmental variables to fill the missing flux data (Peichl et al, 2010a). Since the absolute values for the EC estimates of NEP, GPP and RE differed from their respective biometric estimates, their means from both EC and biometric estimates are presented to obtain a more robust estimate that is constrained by both methods.…”

Section: Doc Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Peichl et al (2010a), two scenarios were developed in which NEP values for the four sites were normalized by differences in their site indices (SIs). The SI is a common measure to describe the site quality and is used as a predictor for tree growth in forest stands (e.g.…”

Section: Site Quality Effects On Cumulative Nepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, site quality (which includes all environmental factors influencing tree growth and thus biomass production and decomposition) might exert a strong control on the forest CO 2 exchange and C flux partitioning (Fernández-Martínez et al, 2014;McLeod and Running, 1988;Peichl et al, 2010a;Vanninen et al, 1996;Vicca et al, 2012). Changes in the magnitude of the CO 2 exchange subsequently have implications for the relative contribution of the individual C and GHG fluxes to the total C and GHG budgets following afforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This study investigated differences in the magnitude and partitioning of the carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in an age sequence of four white pine (Pinus strobus L.) afforestation stands (7, 20, 35 and 70 years old as of 2009) in southern Ontario, Canada. The 4-year (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) mean annual carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exchanges, based on biometric and eddy covariance data, were combined with the 2-year means of static chamber measurements of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes (2006)(2007) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export below 1 m soil depth (2004)(2005). The total ecosystem C pool increased with age from 46 to 197 t C ha −1 across the four stands. Rates of organic matter cycling (i.e. litterfall and decomposition) were similar among the three older stands. In contrast, considerable differences related to stand age and site quality were observed in the magnitude and partitioning of individual CO 2 fluxes, showing a peak in production and respiration rates in the middle-age (20-year-old) stand growing on fertile postagricultural soil. The DOC export accounted for 10 % of net ecosystem production (NEP) at the 7-year-old stand but < 2 % at the three older stands. The GHG balance from the combined exchanges of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O was 2.6, 21.6, 13.5 and 4.8 t CO 2 equivalent ha −1 year −1 for the 7-, 20-, 35-and 70-year-old stands, respectively. The maximum annual contribution from the combined exchanges of CH 4 and N 2 O to the GHG balance was 13 and 8 % in the 7-and 70-year-old stands, respectively, but < 1 % in the two highly productive middle-age (20-and 35-year-old) stands. Averaged over the entire age sequence, the CO 2 exchange was the main driver of the GHG balance in these forests. The cumulative CO 2 sequestration over the 70 years was estimated at 129 t C and 297 t C ha −1 year −1 for stands growing on low-and high-productivity sites, respectively. This study highlights the importance of accounting for age and site quality effects on forest C and GHG balances. It further demonstrates a large potential for net C sequestration and climate benefits gained through afforestation of marginal agricultural and fallow lands in temperate regions.

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doc Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Quality Effects On Cumulative Nepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

et al. 2014

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Age‐dependent forest carbon sink: Estimation via inverse modeling

et al. 2015

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Forests have been recognized to sequester a substantial amount of carbon (C) from the atmosphere. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude and time course of the C sink. Revealing the intrinsic relationship between forest age and C sink is crucial for reducing uncertainties in prediction of forest C sink potential. In this study, we developed a stepwise data assimilation approach to combine a process-based Terrestrial ECOsystem Regional model, observations from multiple sources, and stochastic sampling to inversely estimate carbon cycle parameters including carbon sink at different forest ages for evergreen needle-leaved forests in China. The new approach is effective to estimate age-dependent parameter of maximal light-use efficiency (R 2 = 0.99) and, accordingly, can quantify a relationship between forest age and the vegetation and soil C sinks. The estimated ecosystem C sink increases rapidly with age, peaks at 0.451 kg C m À2 yr À1 at age 22 years (ranging from 0.421 to 0.465 kg C m À2 yr À1 ), and gradually decreases thereafter. The dynamic patterns of C sinks in vegetation and soil are significantly different. C sink in vegetation first increases rapidly with age and then decreases. C sink in soil, however, increases continuously with age; it acts as a C source when the age is less than 20 years, after which it acts as a sink. For the evergreen needle-leaved forest, the highest C sink efficiency (i.e., C sink per unit net primary productivity) is approximately 60%, with age between 11 and 43 years. Overall, the inverse estimation of carbon cycle parameters can make reasonable estimates of age-dependent C sequestration in forests.

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Quantitative, nondestructive estimates of coarse root biomass in a temperate pine forest using 3‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR)

2017

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Coarse root biomass was estimated in a temperate pine forest using high‐resolution (1 GHz) 3‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). GPR survey grids were acquired across a 400 m2 area with varying line spacing (12.5 and 25 cm). Root volume and biomass were estimated directly from the 3‐D radar volume by using isometric surfaces calculated with the marching cubes algorithm. Empirical relations between GPR reflection amplitude and root diameter were determined for 14 root segments (0.1–10 cm diameter) reburied in a 6 m2 experimental test plot and surveyed at 5–25 cm line spacing under dry and wet soil conditions. Reburied roots >1.4 cm diameter were detectable as continuous root structures with 5 cm line separation. Reflection amplitudes were strongly controlled by soil moisture and decreased by ~40% with a twofold increase in soil moisture. GPR line intervals of 12.5 and 25 cm produced discontinuous mapping of roots, and GPR coarse root biomass estimates (0.92 kgC m−2) were lower than those obtained previously with a site‐specific allometric equation due to nondetection of vertical roots and roots <1.5 cm diameter. The results show that coarse root volume and biomass can be estimated directly from interpolated 3‐D GPR volumes by using a marching cubes approach, but mapping of roots as continuous structures requires high inline sampling and line density (<5 cm). The results demonstrate that 3‐D GPR is viable approach for estimating belowground carbon and for mapping tree root architecture. This methodology can be applied more broadly in other disciplines (e.g., archaeology and civil engineering) for imaging buried structures.

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Age effects on carbon fluxes in temperate pine forests

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

Age‐dependent forest carbon sink: Estimation via inverse modeling

Quantitative, nondestructive estimates of coarse root biomass in a temperate pine forest using 3‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR)

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