Age effects on executive ability.

Wecker, Nancy S.; Kramer, Joel H.; Wisniewski, Amy M.; Delis, Dean C.; Kaplan, Edith

doi:10.1037//0894-4105.14.3.409

Cited by 58 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Owing to its widespread role in human cognition and behavior, executive function is central in theories of brain aging, such as the frontal lobe hypothesis of aging (Morrison & Baxter, 2012 ). Older adults tend to show less flexible thinking, such as forming new concepts and abstract thinking, response inhibition, as well as verbal and numeric reasoning (Darowski et al, 2008 ; Harada et al, 2013 ; Salthouse, 2019 ; Wecker et al, 2000 ). These executive function changes can be seen first in adults in their fifth decade of life (Singh‐Manoux et al, 2012 ), consistent with the findings of the systematic review that functional network connectivity changes reach their inflection point in the fourth and fifth decade.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large‐scale resting‐state functional brain networks in aging

et al. 2022

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The number and proportion of older adults in the community is projected to increase significantly over the coming decades. It is estimated that the global population of adults aged over 65 years will increase from 703 million in 2019 to 1.5 billion by 2050 (United Nations, 2019). The rise in the number and proportion of older people stems from declining birth and fertility rates and an increase in the average lifespan across the world (United Nations, 2019).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large‐scale resting‐state functional brain networks in aging

et al. 2022

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Cognitive and Physiologic Correlates of Subclinical Structural Brain Disease in Elderly Healthy Control Subjects

Cook¹,

Leuchter²,

Morgan³

et al. 2002

Arch Neurol

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Overt hepatic encephalopathy impairs learning on the EncephalApp stroop which is reversible after liver transplantation

Acharya¹,

Wade

Fagan³

et al. 2017

Liver Transpl

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After an initial exposure, subjects can develop test-taking/learning strategies called the “test sophistication effect. Cirrhotics wth prior overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) could have persistent learning impairments. Aim To define learning/test-sophistication on EncephalApp (downloadable Application) in OHE patients compared to no-OHE patients and controls cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Methods The EncephalApp Stroop App consists of 2 sections; the easier “Off” run assesses psychomotor speed while the difficult “On” run assesses cognitive flexibility. Cross-sectional Analysis: Cirrhotic outpatients with/without controlled OHE and healthy controls underwent EncephalApp testing, which requires 5 “off” and 5 “on” runs. We studied the difference in time required between completing trial 1 compared with trial 5 (delta 1–5) in the both the “On” and “Off” runs in controls, all cirrhotics; and between prior OHE/no-OHE cirrhotics. Longitudinal Analyses: Two groups of cirrhotics were studied; one was administered EncephalApp, ≥ 2 weeks apart and the second before, and 6 months post-liver transplantation. Results 89 controls and 230 cirrhotics (85 prior OHE, MELD 11) with similar age (64 vs 61, p=0.9) were included. Cirrhotic patients had impaired EncephalApp total times and impaired learning on the On runs compared to controls. OHE patients had worse EncephalApp times and learning with the On runs compared to no-OHE patients, which persisted in the longitudinal cohort. No differences in learning were seen in the Off runs. After transplant there was restoration of learning capability with the On runs in the OHE patients. Conclusion Cognitive flexibility tested by the EncephalApp On runs improves over time in healthy controls and no-OHE but not prior OHE. Psychomotor speed remains similar over time. The learning Impairment manifested by cirrhotics with OHE is restored post-transplant.

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Age effects on executive ability.

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large‐scale resting‐state functional brain networks in aging

The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large‐scale resting‐state functional brain networks in aging

Cognitive and Physiologic Correlates of Subclinical Structural Brain Disease in Elderly Healthy Control Subjects

Overt hepatic encephalopathy impairs learning on the EncephalApp stroop which is reversible after liver transplantation

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