Age, Extent and Climatic Significance of the c. 3400 BP Aniakchak Tephra, Western Alaska, USA

Begét, James E.; Mason, Owen K.; Anderson, Patricia M.

doi:10.1177/095968369200200106

Cited by 69 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Secondly, the use of the similarity coefficient (SC) function of Borchardt (1972), which compares the average values for the 7 major elements exceeding 1 wt%, highlights the strong similarities between the correlated deposits as SC values all exceed 0.95. This is usually taken as the threshold for defining an identical geochemical sample (Begét et al, 1992).…”

Section: S O Rasmussen Et Al: a First Chronology For The Neem Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A stratigraphy-based chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core has been derived by transferring the annual layer counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and its model extension (GICC05modelext) from the NGRIP core to the NEEM core using 787 match points of mainly volcanic origin identified in the electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) and dielectrical profiling (DEP) records. Tephra horizons found in both the NEEM and NGRIP ice cores are used to test the matching based on ECM and DEP and provide five additional horizons used for the timescale transfer.A thinning function reflecting the accumulated strain along the core has been determined using a DansgaardJohnsen flow model and an isotope-dependent accumulation rate parameterization. Flow parameters are determined from Monte Carlo analysis constrained by the observed depth-age horizons.In order to construct a chronology for the gas phase, the ice age-gas age difference ( age) has been reconstructed using a coupled firn densification-heat diffusion model. Temperature and accumulation inputs to the age model, initially derived from the water isotope proxies, have been adjusted to optimize the fit to timing constraints from δ 15 N of nitrogen and high-resolution methane data during the abrupt onset of Greenland interstadials.The ice and gas chronologies and the corresponding thinning function represent the first chronology for the NEEM core, named GICC05modelext-NEEM-1. Based on both the flow and firn modelling results, the accumulation history for the NEEM site has been reconstructed. Together, the timescale and accumulation reconstruction provide the necessary basis for further analysis of the records from NEEM.

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Section: S O Rasmussen Et Al: a First Chronology For The Neem Ice mentioning

confidence: 99%

A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core

et al. 2013

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“…The Minoan eruption of Santorini, assigned a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 6 by Newhall and Self (1982), was deemed the most likely candidate for correlation with this acidity peak on the basis that it was the largest known eruption for this time period. However, other large-scale eruptions encompass the same time period and make suitable candidates (Mullineaux et al, 1975;Miller and Smith, 1987;Vogel et al, 1990;Beget et al, 1992). Furthermore, a Santorini provenance for the 1645 BC acidity peak, based on geochemical analyses of ice-embedded tephra, has been questioned by Zielinski and Germani (1998).…”

Section: Santorini Volcanic Eruption: Dynamics and Postulated Environmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental impact of the Minoan eruption of Santorini (Thera): statistical analysis of palaeoecological data from Golbisar, southwest Turkey

et al. 2002

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A tephra layer originating from the mid-second millennium BC (-3300 '4C yr BP) 'Minoan' eruption of Santorini (or Thera) in the Aegean has been found in lake sediments at G6lhisar in southwest Turkey. Microstratigraphic analyses of tephra shard concentration (TSC), pollen, diatoms, sponge spicules and nonsiliceous microfossils in sediments from Gtlhisar permit the impact of this major volcanic eruption on terrestrial and aquatic biota to be investigated quantitatively. Partial redundancy analysis and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests suggest that TSC alone cannot be shown to have had a demonstrable independent and statistically significant effect on terrestrial pollen, non-siliceous microfossil or diatom assemblages. The lack of any clear, discernible change in the terrestrial pollen composition following tephra deposition suggests that there was minimal impact on regional vegetation over decadal-to-century timescales. However, evidence that the deposition of Santorini tephra may have had an impact on the lake system comes from the combined effect of lithology and TSC (which significantly covary) that explains a significant amount of variance in the aquatic data sets. In particular, diatoms and non-siliceous algae show increases in concentration following tephra deposition, exhibiting what appear to be ±decadal response times to perturbation. These imply enhanced lake productivity due to accelerated input of silica and other nutrients following tephra dissolution.

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“…Some studies focused on specific important palaeoenvironmental indicators, such as fossil soil properties (Höfle and Ping, 1996;Höfle et al, 2000), pollen (Colinvaux, 1964), plant macrofossils (Goetcheus et al, 1994;Goetcheus and Birks, 2001), insects (Elias, 2000(Elias, , 2001Kuzmina et al, 2008), and tephra (Begét et al, 1992(Begét et al, , 1996. Many studies in the northern Seward Peninsula are focussed on a prominent palaeosol, the Kitluk palaeosol, an ancient land surface buried and preserved by a ca 1-m thick tephra layer from the Devil Mountain Maar eruption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary environmental and landscape dynamics revealed by a pingo sequence on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Wetterich

Grosse

Schirrmeister

et al. 2012

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tA terrestrial sediment sequence exposed in an eroding pingo provides insights into the late-Quaternary environmental history of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We have obtained the first radiocarbondated evidence for a mid-Wisconsin thermokarst lake, demonstrating that complex landscape dynamics involving cyclic permafrost aggradation and thermokarst lake formation occurred over stadiale interstadial as well as glacialeinterglacial time periods. High values of Picea pollen and the presence of Larix pollen in sediments dated to 50e40 ka BP strongly suggest the presence of forest or woodland early in MIS 3; the trees grew within a vegetation matrix dominated by grass and sedge, and there is indirect evidence of grazing animals. Thus the interstadial ecosystem was different in structure and composition from the Holocene or from the preceding Last Interglacial period. An early Holocene warm period is indicated by renewed thermokarst lake formation and a range of fossil taxa. Multiple extralimital plant taxa suggest mean July temperatures above modern values. The local presence of spruce during the early Holocene warm interval is evident from a radiocarbon-dated spruce macrofossil remain and indicates significant range extension far beyond the modern tree line. The first direct evidence of spruce in Northwest Alaska during the early Holocene has implications for the presence of forest refugia in Central Beringia and previously assumed routes and timing of post-glacial forest expansion in Alaska.

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Age, Extent and Climatic Significance of the c. 3400 BP Aniakchak Tephra, Western Alaska, USA

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core

A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core

The environmental impact of the Minoan eruption of Santorini (Thera): statistical analysis of palaeoecological data from Golbisar, southwest Turkey

Late Quaternary environmental and landscape dynamics revealed by a pingo sequence on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska

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