Age-related deficits in associative memory: The influence of impaired strategic retrieval.

Cohn, Mélanie; Emrich, Stephen M.; Moscovitch, Morris

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.93

Cited by 154 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In line with these considerations, recent studies have found that older adults' propensity for false recognition is not restricted to the DRM paradigm, but also present in tasks that manipulate the familiarity of studied material (Jacoby, 1999;Jacoby, Bishara, Hessels, & Toth, 2005;Jennings & Jacoby, 1997;Pierce, Sullivan, Schacter, & Budson, 2005) or in associative recognition paradigms (Castel & Craik, 2003;Cohn, Emrich, & Moscovitch, 2008). For example, Old and Naveh-Benjamin (2008) tested memory for people and their performance of everyday actions in younger and older adults.…”

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confidence: 80%

High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

Fandakova

Shing

Lindenberger

2013

Memory

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Based on a two-component model of episodic memory development across the lifespan, we examined the contribution of memory monitoring and binding processes to older adults' increased susceptibility to false memories with high subjective confidence. Younger and older adults worked on a modified version of the continuous recognition task (Schnider, von Daniken, & Gutbrod, 1996). Participants saw the same set of unrelated word pairs in three subsequent runs and had to identify pairs that were repeated within runs. Age group differences in the veridical recognition of repeated word pairs across the three runs were not reliable. False recognition of lure pairs increased across runs in older adults only, indicating increasing interference from previous encounters of the word pairs. Both age groups showed a decrease in false recognition of rearranged pairs across runs, but this decrease was more pronounced in younger adults. Older adults were more confident than younger adults when falsely recognising both lure and rearranged word pairs, indicating that overall memory-confidence calibration is less accurate in old age relative to early adulthood. Taken together, our results suggest that age-related decline in memory monitoring, in interaction with binding deficits, contribute to age differences in false memory for highly familiar events

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High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

Fandakova

Shing

Lindenberger

2013

Memory

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“…The test list in most associative recognition studies is likely to be a mix of near and far re-pairings, and it is possible, though of course unknown, that older adults' typically higher rate of false alarms (e.g., Castel & Craik, 2003;Cohn et al, 2008;Healy et al, 2005) is partly due to the presence of near-repaired items in the test list. Indeed, this study used only very near and very far re-pairings, and it is unclear what the performance relationship would be to a range of distances.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…So for example, older adults are more likely than younger adults to bind together target and distracting information that co-occurs in time (Campbell, Hasher, & Thomas, 2010), as well as irrelevant sequences of distractors that co-occur sequentially (Campbell, Zimerman, Healey, Lee, & Hasher, 2012). Here, we explore the possibility that this tendency toward excessive, or hyper, binding also plays a role in paired-associate learning and so contributes to older adults' typically higher rate of false alarms in associative recognition paradigms (e.g., Castel & Craik, 2003;Cohn, Emrich, & Moscovitch, 2008;Healy, Light, & Chung, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hyper-binding across time: Age differences in the effect of temporal proximity on paired-associate learning.

Campbell¹,

Trelle²,

Hasher³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Older adults show hyper- (or excessive) binding effects for simultaneously and sequentially presented distraction. Here, we addressed the potential role of hyper-binding in paired-associate learning. Older and younger adults learned a list of word pairs and then received an associative recognition task in which rearranged pairs were formed from items that had originally occurred either close together or far apart in the study list. Across 3 experiments, older adults made more false alarms to near re-pairings than to far re-pairings. Younger adults, on the other hand, showed no difference in false alarms to the 2 types of rearranged pairs. These findings may be tied to the greater tendency of older adults to maintain access to recently attended information, inadvertently forming broader associations across time, than is the case for younger adults.

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“…Alternatively, or additionally, integrative and semantic relations could alleviate the age-related memory deficit by inducing retrieval strategies. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that associative deficits in older adults are a result of retrieval deficits more so than encoding deficits (Cohn, Emrich, & Moscovitch, 2008). In Naveh-Benjamin et al"s (2005) Experiment 2, young and older adults completed an associative memory task with and without a secondary task to divide attention during recall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative and semantic relations equally alleviate age-related associative memory deficits.

Badham

Estes

Maylor

2012

Psychology and Aging

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Two experiments compared effects of integrative and semantic relations between pairs of words on lexical and memory processes in old age. Integrative relations occur when two dissimilar and unassociated words are linked together to form a coherent phrase (e.g., horse-doctor). In Experiment 1, older adults completed a lexical decision task where prime and target words were related either integratively or semantically. The two types of relation both facilitated responses compared to a baseline condition, demonstrating that priming can occur in older adults with minimal preexisting associations between primes and targets. In Experiment 2, young and older adults completed a cued recall task with integrative, semantic and unrelated word pairs. Both integrative and semantic pairs showed significantly smaller age differences in associative memory compared to unrelated pairs. Integrative relations facilitated older adults" memory to a similar extent as semantic relations despite having few preexisting associations in memory.Integratability of stimuli is therefore a new factor that reduces associative deficits in older adults, most likely by supporting encoding and retrieval mechanisms. showing greater age-related differences than others (e.g., Zacks, Hasher, & Li, 2000). In particular, episodic and contextual memory tend to exhibit larger age differences than content or item memory (Spencer & Raz, 1995). Naveh-Benjamin (2000) thus proposed an associative deficit hypothesis whereby older adults show specific deficits in forming associations between items. Naveh-Benjamin presented for study several pairs of unrelated words and then tested young and older adults" item memory (i.e., recognizing studied vs. new words) and their associative memory (i.e., recognizing intact vs. rearranged pairs). Older adults showed greater age deficits for associative memory than for item memory. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that many studies have shown similar results (Old & Naveh-Benjamin, 2008).Research into age-related associative deficits has attempted to establish factors that can alleviate this memory deficit. One such factor is the semantic relatedness between to-beassociated items. Items are semantically related if they belong in the same category, such as shirt and sock, or are otherwise featurally similar, such as apple and ball. Naveh-Benjamin (2000, Exp. 4), Naveh-Benjamin, Hussain, Guez, and Bar-On (2003, Exp. 2) and Naveh-Benjamin, Craik, Guez, and Kreuger (2005 showed a reduction in age differences for associative memory with semantically related word pairs (e.g., shirt and sock) compared to unrelated word pairs (e.g., shirt and apple). Therefore, older adults are able to use semantic relations to enhance their associative memory performance relative to young adults. This finding suggests that older adults" associative memory deficit may be specific to new associations; older adults" memory for preexisting associations appears to be relatively unimpaired. Indeed, MacKay and Burke (1990) and Naveh-Benjamin an...

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Age-related deficits in associative memory: The influence of impaired strategic retrieval.

Cited by 154 publications

References 49 publications

High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

Hyper-binding across time: Age differences in the effect of temporal proximity on paired-associate learning.

Integrative and semantic relations equally alleviate age-related associative memory deficits.

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