Age-related differences in affective and cognitive empathy: self-report and performance-based evidence

Sun, Bo; Luo, Zhenbing; Zhang, Wenwen; Li, Weijian; Li, Xinyu

doi:10.1080/13825585.2017.1360835

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The age changes in affective empathy were related with the emotional valence of the stimuli used. Older participants showed more empathic concern and less personal distress in situations that presented negative emotions, whereas for situations that presented positive emotions, older participants demonstrated more empathic concern and personal distress [31]. This dissociation between cognitive aspects of others' understanding and affective aspects, in which the first showed a decrease and the second presents no change or increases with age, is confirmed in other independent studies [32,33]; the following are some conflicting results [34,35].…”

Section: Empathy Across the Life Spansupporting

confidence: 64%

Prevention of Deviant Pathways and Rehabilitation from Criminal Activities: Social School by “O Companheiro” Providing an Alternative to the Prison System

Brites¹,

Baptista²,

Abrantes³

et al. 2020

Empathy Study

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The association "O Companheiro" is a Portuguese social solidarity institution which intends to provide an integrated response for the needs of inmates, ex-inmates, and their families. The Social School was established as part of the "O Companheiro," providing one possible alternative to the prison system. The Social School has two main aims: the prevention of deviant pathways and the rehabilitation of those who have entered into criminal activities, promoting their successful integration. Several programs were designed according to a life span perspective, which focuses on the personal development from conception to old age. A core assumption of this perspective is that maturity and development are not completed at any specific moment but result from an ongoing adaptative continuous lifelong process.

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Section: Empathy Across the Life Spansupporting

confidence: 64%

Prevention of Deviant Pathways and Rehabilitation from Criminal Activities: Social School by “O Companheiro” Providing an Alternative to the Prison System

Brites¹,

Baptista²,

Abrantes³

et al. 2020

Empathy Study

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“…Our results indicated a negative association between physician age of 45–54 years and being a high empathy scorer, yet no association between empathy and length of time since specialization, as a measure of clinical experience. Based on the results of prior demographic studies, we expected cognitive empathy to decrease with age [ 32 ]. However, others have found that this relationship did not hold when the personal relevance of the task was controlled for [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expected this to remain true in our study population. Age was included as cognitive empathy may decrease with older age [ 32 ]. We predict a similar trend will exist in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy Variation in General Practice: A Survey among General Practitioners in Denmark

Charles

Ahnfeldt-Mollerup

Søndergaard

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that high levels of physician empathy may be correlated with improved patient health outcomes and high physician job satisfaction. Knowledge about variation in empathy and related general practitioner (GP) characteristics may allow for a more informed approach to improve empathy among GPs. Objective: Our objective is to measure and analyze variation in physician empathy and its association with GP demographic, professional, and job satisfaction characteristics. Methods: 464 Danish GPs responded to a survey containing the Danish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals (JSE-HP) and questions related to their demographic, professional and job satisfaction characteristics. Descriptive statistics and a quantile plot of the ordered empathy scores were used to describe empathy variation. In addition, random-effect logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between empathy levels and the included GP characteristics. Results: Empathy scores were negatively skewed with a mean score of 117.9 and a standard deviation of 10.1 within a range from 99 (p5) to 135 (p95). GPs aged 45–54 years and GPs who are not employed outside of their practice were less likely to have high empathy scores (≥120). Neither gender, nor length of time since specialization, length of time in current practice, practice type, practice location, or job satisfaction was associated with odds of having high physician empathy. However, odds of having a high empathy score were higher for GPs who stated that the physician-patient relationship and interaction with colleagues has a high contribution to job satisfaction compared to the reference groups (low and medium contribution of these factors). This was also the trend for GPs who stated a high contribution to job satisfaction from intellectual stimulation. In contrast, high contribution of economic profit and prestige did not contribute to increased odds of having a high empathy score. Conclusions: Albeit generally high, we observed substantial variation in physician empathy levels among this population of Danish GPs. This variation is positively associated with values of interpersonal relationships and interaction with colleagues, and negatively associated with middle age (45–54 years) and lack of outside employment. There is room to increase GP physician empathy via educational and organizational interventions, and consequently, to improve healthcare quality and outcomes.

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“…be evident for both components of ToM. Prior literature has shown that older adults often exhibit greater social cognitive difficulties than younger adults ( Grainger et al, , 2020Henry et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2017). Because of this, age was included as a predictor variable in the meta-regression analyses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy and Theory of Mind in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

Demichelis

Coundouris

Grainger

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: A large literature now shows that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disrupts a number of social cognitive abilities, including social perceptual function and theory of mind (ToM). However, less well understood is how the specific subcomponents of ToM as well as both the broader and specific subcomponents of empathic processing are affected. Method: The current study provides the first meta-analytic review of AD that focuses on both empathy and ToM as broad constructs, as well as their overlapping (cognitive empathy and affective ToM) and distinct (affective empathy and cognitive ToM) subcomponents. Results: Aggregated across 31 studies, the results revealed that, relative to controls, AD is associated with large-sized deficits in both cognitive ToM (g = 1.09) and affective ToM/cognitive empathy (g = 0.76). However, no statistical differences were found between the AD participants and controls on affective empathic abilities (g = 0.36). Conclusions: These data point to a potentially important disconnect between core aspects of social cognitive processing in people with AD. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Age-related differences in affective and cognitive empathy: self-report and performance-based evidence

Cited by 47 publications

References 87 publications

Prevention of Deviant Pathways and Rehabilitation from Criminal Activities: Social School by “O Companheiro” Providing an Alternative to the Prison System

Prevention of Deviant Pathways and Rehabilitation from Criminal Activities: Social School by “O Companheiro” Providing an Alternative to the Prison System

Empathy Variation in General Practice: A Survey among General Practitioners in Denmark

Empathy and Theory of Mind in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

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