Age-related skin changes

Abstract

Age-related skin changes can be induced by chronological ageing, manifested in subcutaneous fat reduction, and photo-ageing eliciting increased elastotic substance in the upper dermis, destruction of its fibrilar structure, augmented intercellular substance and moderate inflammatory infiltrate. Forty-five biopsy skin samples of the sun-exposed and sun-protected skin were analyzed. The patients were both males and females, aged from 17 to 81 years. The thickness of the epidermal layers and the number of cellular living layers is greater in younger skin. The amount of keratohyaline granules is enlarged in older skin. Dermoepidermal junction is flattened and the presence of elastotic material in the dermis is pronounced with age. The amount of inflammatory infiltrate is increased, the fibrous trabeculae are thickened in older skin and the atrophy of the hypodermis is observed. Chronological ageing alters the fibroblasts metabolism by reducing their life span, capacity to divide and produce collagen. During ageing, the enlargement of collagen fibrils diminishes the skin elasticity.

The Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Sinonasal Polyps: Immunohistochemical Assessment in Epithelial, Subepithelial and Deep Layers of the Mucosa

“…In ethmoid sinus, the PDGF_D_gland PI values decreased in older patients. Chronological ageing alters the fibroblasts metabolism by reducing their lifespans, and capacities to divide and reproduce collagen [20]. Moreover, the atrophic changes in glands and decreases in fibroblast derived from PDGF may cause decrease of PDGF-gland values in older patients.…”

The in vivo effect of L-arginine on skin elasticity in mice

“…Like all organs, skin undergoes chronological aging, but unlike others, it is in direct contact with the environment, and therefore further ages as a result of environmental damage (Fisher et al, 2002;Pageon et al, 2007;Hwang, Yi, Choi, 2011;Levakov et al, 2012). The aging of human skin is a complex process, induced by both intrinsic factors resulting from tissue degeneration that are largely genetically determined, and by extrinsic factors caused by environmental exposure, predominantly including ultraviolet radiation, smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, and malnutrition.…”

“…The aging of human skin is a complex process, induced by both intrinsic factors resulting from tissue degeneration that are largely genetically determined, and by extrinsic factors caused by environmental exposure, predominantly including ultraviolet radiation, smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, and malnutrition. Among the external factors, sun exposure is considered the most harmful to skin (Naylor, Watson, Sherratt, 2011;Jenkins, 2002;Baumann, 2007;Levakov et al, 2012;El-Domyati, Medhat, 2015;Kammeyer, Luiten, 2015).…”

“…Although the stratum corneum remains relatively unchanged throughout the aging process, the epidermis and dermis undergo a flattening of the dermal-epidermal junctions and a reduction in the proliferative and biosynthetic capability of skin cells, especially fibroblasts. This results in a decrease in the dermal matrix production and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (Jenkins, 2002;Oriá et al, 2003;Langton et al, 2010;Levakov et al, 2012;Tobin, 2017).…”

Cause of Androgenic Alopecia

“…As one ages, thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue and the volume of the dermis decreases, 11,12 that is, the buffer decreases and consequently the pressure on the hair follicles increases. Another factor that is well known to cause thinning of subcutaneous fat tissue much more rapidly than aging is testosterone.…”