Age-Related, Sport-Specific Adaptions of the Shoulder Girdle in Elite Adolescent Tennis Players

Cools, Ann; Palmans, Tanneke; Johansson, Fredrik

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.02

Cited by 82 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the 6° mean is lower than the 13° recorded by Cools et al 18 as well as the 18-20° for the anatomical and pathological definitions described by Manske et al 15 In accordance with previous research, in the present study GIRD increased with increased athlete age. 8 A higher percentage of participants with larger values of GIRD were identified in the older groups which is relevant was not apparent which players had reached skeletal maturity; the addition of radiographs to confirm closure of the individual's proximal humeral physis would help determine the relative contributions of bony versus soft tissue to adaptations in ROM.…”

Section: Glenohumeral Joint Total Rotation Range Of Motion (Trom) Andsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…For this research, three sub-groups were created to contrast glenohumeral joint ROM between ages; these were chosen to correlate with the age groups used in other research 18 . The groups were under 14 years (n = 69 participants), 14-15 years (n = 56), and 16 years and over (n = 59).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7 8,14,18 Cools et al 18 investigated age-related shoulder girdle adaptations in 59 elite junior players and found reduced internal, increased external, and smaller TROM on the dominant side. 18 Despite relatively low participant numbers, the findings were the first to identify age specific differences. However, a clinically relevant correlation between ages was not determined and larger scale research across age groups is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The tennis literature has considerable gaps regarding injury risk factors and preventative measures. The determination of age specific reference values for ROM would be valuable for screening, and are prerequisite in determining whether changes in ROM are linked to injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference Values for Glenohumeral Joint Rotational Range of Motion in Elite Tennis Players

Nutt

Mirkovic

Hill

et al. 2018

Intl J Sports Phys Ther

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Background: Due to the repetitive overhead activity involved in playing tennis and the physical demands of the game, shoulder joint injury is common. There is limited research available describing sport specific risk factors for injury in tennis, however, changes in shoulder rotational range of motion (ROM) have been associated with injury in other overhead 'throwing' type sports.Purpose: This study had two purposes: i) to identify reference values for passive glenohumeral joint rotational ROM in elite tennis players, and, ii) to investigate differences in ROM between various age groups of players. Study design:Cross-sectional analysis. Methods:Data was collected at national performance camps held at a National Tennis Centre between September 2012 and July 2015. One hundred and eighty-four tennis players aged between 11 and 24 years took part. All had a top eight national ranking within their respective age group. Participants were divided into three age groups; under 14 years, 14-15 years, and 16 years and over. The main outcome measures were dominant and non-dominant internal and external rotation as well as total glenohumeral joint passive ROM. Results:Reduced internal, and greater external rotation passive ROM were identified on the dominant side (p < 0.05), however, no side-to-side differences in total rotation ROM were found (p > 0.05). A glenohumeral joint internal rotation deficit (GIRD) was prevalent on the dominant side, which increased in magnitude with rising player age. Differences in dominant side internal and external rotation ROM were identified between age groups with the 14-15-year olds having less internal and greater external rotation than the under 14-year olds and the over 16-year old athletes (p < 0.05). The total range of motion values were not found to differ between age groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions:This study provides reference values for glenohumeral joint rotational ROM in elite tennis players and demonstrates age specific differences. Future studies should investigate links between changes in ROM and injury risk. Level of evidence: 3

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Section: Glenohumeral Joint Total Rotation Range Of Motion (Trom) Andsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference Values for Glenohumeral Joint Rotational Range of Motion in Elite Tennis Players

Nutt

Mirkovic

Hill

et al. 2018

Intl J Sports Phys Ther

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“…6 The strength balance between the external-and internalrotator muscles (ER : IR ratio) typically ranges from 66% to 75% in asymptomatic individuals. 5,19,20 However, abnormal ER : IR strength ratios can be observed in overhead athletes, as external-rotator strength tends to decrease and IR strength tends to increase in the dominant shoulder with repetitive overhead activities. 21 Given the incomplete development of their musculoskeletal systems, adolescents may be more susceptible to sports injuries than adult athletes.…”

Section: à11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Harput

Guney

Toprak

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To investigate shoulder-rotator strength, internalrotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers to determine if they have risk factors for injury.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty-nine adolescent high school-aged volleyball attackers (22 boys, 17 girls; age ¼ 16.0 6 1.4 years, height ¼ 179.2 6 9.0 cm, mass ¼ 67.1 6 10.9 kg, body mass index ¼ 20.7 6 2.6 kg/m 2 ). Main Outcome Measure(s): Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit, AHD, and concentric and eccentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators were tested bilaterally.Results: External-rotation ROM was greater (t 38 ¼ 4.92, P , .001), but IR ROM (t 38 ¼ À8.61, P , .001) and total ROM (t 38 ¼ À3.55, P ¼ .01) were less in the dominant shoulder, and 15 athletes had a glenohumeral IR deficit (IR ROM loss . 188). We observed greater concentric internal-rotator (t 38 ¼ 2.89, P ¼ .006) and eccentric external-rotator (t 38 ¼ 2.65, P ¼ .01) strength in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder. The AHD was less in the dominant shoulder (t 38 ¼ À3.60, P , .001).Conclusions: Adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated decreased IR ROM, total ROM, and AHD and increased ER ROM in their dominant shoulder. Therefore, routine screening of adolescent athletes and designing training programs for hazardous adaptive changes could be important in preventing shoulder injuries.Key Words: ultrasonography, sports, glenohumeral joint, muscle strength Key PointsAsymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated less internal-rotation range of motion (ROM), total ROM, and acromiohumeral distance and more external-rotation ROM in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder, which might put them at risk for shoulder injuries. Routinely screening adolescent athletes and designing training programs to address hazardous adaptive changes could help prevent shoulder injuries.

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Acute Fractures in Sport: Shoulder

et al. 2021

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Age-Related, Sport-Specific Adaptions of the Shoulder Girdle in Elite Adolescent Tennis Players

Abstract: Age-related changes in shoulder and scapular strength and ROM were apparent in elite adolescent tennis players. Future authors should examine the association of these adaptations with performance data and injury incidence.

Cited by 82 publications

References 32 publications

Reference Values for Glenohumeral Joint Rotational Range of Motion in Elite Tennis Players

Reference Values for Glenohumeral Joint Rotational Range of Motion in Elite Tennis Players

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Acute Fractures in Sport: Shoulder

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