Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances

Marck, Adrien; Antero, Juliana; Berthelot, Geoffroy; Johnson, Stacey; Sedeaud, Adrien; Leroy, Arthur; Marc, Andy; Spedding, Michael; Meglio, Jean-Marc Di; Toussaint, Jean‐François

doi:10.1093/gerona/gly165

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results showed that female PS were generally younger than female NDS, while there were few significant differences observed among males. The mean age of the top 100 NDS were consistent with previous studies on age-related swimming performance and relatively young compared to other sports which is confirmed by the scientific literature (Allen and Hopkins, 2015;Knechtle et al, 2016;Marck et al, 2019). However, this study didn't analyze the age-peak performance.…”

Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It has one of the highest medal counts at the Paralympics Games alongside track and field and cycling (Tweedy and Howe, 2010). As a result of public support, geopolitical issues, and the increasing media coverage of the Paralympic Games, the Para athletes' performances have strongly evolved in recent years and are consistently improving (Fulton et al, 2009;Lepers et al, 2012;Grobler et al, 2015;Burkett et al, 2018) in comparison to non-disabled athletes who are reaching their performance limits in many sports (Berthelot et al, 2015;Marck et al, 2017Marck et al, , 2019. Consequently, Paralympic swimming performances have progressed more than Olympic swimming performances over the past two decades for the majority of impairment classifications (Burkett et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers

Schipman

Saulière

Toquin

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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International elite Para swimmers form a large portion of the overall multi-medalist winning population. For the highest performing Para swimmers, world class performances were achieved across different strokes. The aim of this study was to quantify the level of involvement across different events and to examine this in relation to the level of performance. The performances in swimming speed of the top 100 females and males for both Para- and non-disabled swimmers were collected in 11 race events between 2009 and 2019 (4,400 performances for 307 Para females and 365 Para males, 605 non-disabled females, and 715 non-disabled males). We tallied the number of events in which each swimmer was involved. Swimmers were grouped according to the total number of race events in which they participated. Then the association between involvement and level of performance was investigated. Para swimmers with impairment from classes seven to 14 were involved in a range of race events across different strokes. The most common combination for both Para and non-disabled athletes was over similarly distanced races of the same stroke (50 and 100 m freestyle). The more race events in which Para swimmers involved, the higher the level of performance that was achieved. This trend can partially be explained by the less concentrated competition pool for Para swimmers compared to able-bodied swimmers. Para swimmers with minimal and no physical impairment perform in multiple race events more often than able-bodied swimmers. Fewer Para swimmers at the international level and a less concentrated competition pool could explain these differences.

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Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers

Schipman

Saulière

Toquin

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…There has always been a large interest in the physiological limits of mankind. Measuring human capabilities in physical or cognitive performances or assessing maximal lifespan illustrates such a quest [1]. Such an approach focuses on sports performance, including the precise quantification of speed, strength, or endurance among others for the investigation of maximal physical capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age-performance relationship in the general population and strategies to delay age related decline in performance

et al. 2019

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The age-performance relationship describes changes in the organism’s structural and functional capabilities over the course of the lifespan. The typical, empirical pattern is an asymmetrical inverted-U shape association with peak capacity occurring early in life. This process is well described in the literature, with an increasing interest in features that characterize this pattern, such as the rate of growth, age of peak performance, and rate of decline with aging. This is usually examined in cohorts of individuals followed over time with repeat assessments of physical or cognitive abilities. This framework ought to be integrated into public health programs, embedding the beneficial (such as physical or cognitive training) or adverse effects (such as chronic diseases or injuries) that respectively sustain or limit capabilities. The maintenance of physical or cognitive performances at older ages would result in both optimal health and promote resistance to disabling conditions and chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The causes of accelerated degeneration of health optima are mainly: sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles -including poor nutrition-, exposure to environmental pollutants, and heterogeneity in aging. Better knowledge of optima, compatible with or required for good health, should also allow for establishing ideal conditions for longevity.

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“…The chronic subclinical inflammation experienced by a significant proportion of the elderly population may be involved in dysfunction of the motion control systems, reducing the general movement capacity, including the start of gait, continuity of the displacement and change steering (Wu et al, 2015). These findings corroborate those from Marck et al (2019). These authors emphasized the importance of regular physical exercise to prevent the negative impact of ageing on movement capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…All these diseases involve an immune response alteration, including a chronic inflammatory condition and immunosenescence, that is related to higher serum levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon γ (IFN-γ), among other pro-inflammatory cytokines. In opposition to this, regular physical exercise practice increases life expectancy (American College of Sports Medicine, 2009; American College of Sports Medicine et al, 2009;Marck et al, 2019). Physical exercise, with a predominance of either aerobic or anaerobic metabolism, is associated with a reduction in the incidence of metabolic, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer (Na & Oliynyk, 2011;Warburton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise increases global and gene‐specific (interleukin‐17 and interferon‐γ) DNA methylation in lymphocytes from aged women

Machado

Diniz

Passos

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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Ageing-induced increase in inflammatory gene expression through a reduction in DNA methylation might contribute to chronic diseases. Regular physical exercise practices, in turn, are associated with a decrease in the incidence of inflammatory diseases. We herein evaluated the effects of three exercise modalities on lymphocyte global and gene-specific (interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) DNA methylation in aged women (68 ± 7.5 years). This cross-sectional study included 86 women, divided into four groups according to the physical exercise practice: 20 were practicing resistance training (RT); 24 were practicing water aerobics exercise (W); 22 were practicing water aerobics and resistance exercise (RWT), and 20 did not practice any physical exercise (CON). We evaluated volunteer functional capability using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, global lymphocyte DNA methylation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFN-γ and IL-17A methylation by qPCR and CD4 + IFN-γ + and CD4 + IL-17 + cell percentage by flow cytometry. The three physically exercised groups performed functional capability tests in a shorter period and showed a higher global lymphocyte DNA methylation and methylated CpGs of IL-17A and IFNγ promoter regions than the control group. The practice of resistance training (RT and RWT groups) lead to high global DNA methylation. The combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise led to the increase of lymphocyte IL-17A and IFN-γ gene methylation induced by each separately. However, the percentage of IFN-γ +

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Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers

Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers

The age-performance relationship in the general population and strategies to delay age related decline in performance

Physical exercise increases global and gene‐specific (interleukin‐17 and interferon‐γ) DNA methylation in lymphocytes from aged women

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