Age, Sex and Regional Brain Volumes Predict Perceptual-Motor Skill Acquisition

Kennedy, James L.; Raz, Naftali

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70196-5

Cited by 100 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Thus, in picture priming, short-term repetition-driven performance gains occur in people of all ages, but are preserved for a long term only in younger adults. Moreover, older individuals, who initially did not differ significantly from their younger counterparts and who learned the perceptual skill in a single trial, did not reach the performance level of their younger counterparts after multiple repetitions, as has been observed in other skilllearning studies on a variety of tasks: pursuit rotor [7][8][9][10][11][12] , mirror drawing [13] , and Tower of Hanoi [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Meta-analysis of the extant priming studies revealed only mild age-related differences in (mostly verbal) priming [5] , and the evidence of impaired skill learning in older adults is equivocal [6] . Notably, the ability to acquire new skills coexists with significant age-related declines in the level of skilled performance on a variety of perceptual-motor and cognitive tasks such as the pursuit rotor [7][8][9][10][11][12] , mirror drawing [13,14] , and Tower of Hanoi [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmented Pictures Revisited: Long-Term Changes in Repetition Priming, Relation to Skill Learning, and the Role of Cognitive Resources

2006

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Background: Whereas age-related declines in declarative memory have been demonstrated in multiple cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the effect of age on non-declarative manifestations of memory, such as repetition priming and perceptual skill learning, are less clear. The common assumption, based on cross-sectional studies, is that these processes are only mildly (if at all) affected by age. Objective: To investigate long-term changes in repetition priming and age-related differences in identification of fragmented pictures in a 5-year longitudinal design. Method: Healthy adults (age 28–82 years) viewed drawings of objects presented in descending order of fragmentation. The identification threshold (IT) was the highest fragmentation level at which the object was correctly named. After a short interval, old pictures were presented again along with a set of similar but novel pictures. Five years later the participants repeated the experiment. Results: At baseline and 5-year follow-up alike, one repeated exposure improved IT for old (priming) and new (skill acquisition) pictures. However, long-term retention of priming gains was observed only in young adults. Working memory explained a significant proportion of variance in within-occasion priming, long-term priming, and skill learning. Conclusion: Contrary to cross-sectional results, this longitudinal study suggests perceptual repetition priming is not an age-invariant phenomenon and advanced age and reduced availability of cognitive resources may contribute to its decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmented Pictures Revisited: Long-Term Changes in Repetition Priming, Relation to Skill Learning, and the Role of Cognitive Resources

2006

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“…44 The authors discuss the role of DLPFC in video gaming according to its role in motor skill acquisition 45 as well as in executive control and working memory. The structural plasticity in DLPFC that we observed in this study may therefore be the neural basis of training effects in the domain of motor skill acquisition, executive function or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing Super Mario induces structural brain plasticity: gray matter changes resulting from training with a commercial video game

et al. 2013

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Video gaming is a highly pervasive activity, providing a multitude of complex cognitive and motor demands. Gaming can be seen as an intense training of several skills. Associated cerebral structural plasticity induced has not been investigated so far. Comparing a control with a video gaming training group that was trained for 2 months for at least 30 min per day with a platformer game, we found significant gray matter (GM) increase in right hippocampal formation (HC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral cerebellum in the training group. The HC increase correlated with changes from egocentric to allocentric navigation strategy. GM increases in HC and DLPFC correlated with participants' desire for video gaming, evidence suggesting a predictive role of desire in volume change. Video game training augments GM in brain areas crucial for spatial navigation, strategic planning, working memory and motor performance going along with evidence for behavioral changes of navigation strategy. The presented video game training could therefore be used to counteract known risk factors for mental disease such as smaller hippocampus and prefrontal cortex volume in, for example, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disease.

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“…Age-related differences have been observed for the pursuit rotor task Kennedy et al, 2007), mirror tracing tasks (Etnier and Landers, 1988;Kennedy et al, 2005), and sequence learning tasks (Curran et al, 1997;Dennis et al, 2006;Negash et al, 2003;Howard et al, 2004;however, see Howard & Howard, 1989Frensch & Miner, 1994). Pursuit rotor and mirror tracing task performance have been shown to correlate with prefrontal volumetric declines Kennedy et al, 2005) as well as nonverbal working memory measures Kennedy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Do Age-related Swm Deficits Impact Other Forms Of Motor Learmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Spatial Working Memory to Visuomotor Learning

Anguera

Reuter‐Lorenz

Willingham

et al. 2010

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

285

309

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Previous studies of motor learning have described the importance of cognitive processes during the early stages of learning; however, the precise nature of these processes and their neural correlates remains unclear. The present study investigated whether spatial working memory (SWM) contributes to visuomotor adaptation depending on the stage of learning. We tested the hypothesis that SWM would contribute early in the adaptation process by measuring (i) the correlation between SWM tasks and the rate of adaptation, and (ii) the overlap between the neural substrates of a SWM mental rotation task and visuomotor adaptation. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, a visuomotor adaptation task, and an SWM task involving mental rotation, with the latter two tasks performed in a 3.0-T MRI scanner. Performance on a neuropsychological test of SWM (two-dimensional mental rotation) correlated with the rate of early, but not late, visuomotor adaptation. During the early, but not late, adaptation period, participants showed overlapping brain activation with the SWM mental rotation task, in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral inferior parietal lobules. These findings suggest that the early, but not late, phase of visuomotor adaptation engages SWM processes.

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Age, Sex and Regional Brain Volumes Predict Perceptual-Motor Skill Acquisition

Cited by 100 publications

References 59 publications

Fragmented Pictures Revisited: Long-Term Changes in Repetition Priming, Relation to Skill Learning, and the Role of Cognitive Resources

Fragmented Pictures Revisited: Long-Term Changes in Repetition Priming, Relation to Skill Learning, and the Role of Cognitive Resources

Playing Super Mario induces structural brain plasticity: gray matter changes resulting from training with a commercial video game

Contributions of Spatial Working Memory to Visuomotor Learning

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