Age-Specific Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Memory and the Older Brain

Siette, Joyce; Westbrook, R. Frederick; Cotman, Carl W.; Sidhu, Kuldip; Zhu, Wanlin; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Valenzuela, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.034

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Consistent with the findings of Redila and Christie [75], who found that in rats, running is not correlated with granule cell dendritic complexity, others found that exercise restores the loss of intra-hippocampal connectivity [114,115], neurogenesis [105,112,114,116] and BDNF and TrkB levels [114] that accompanies sedentary aging [67]. Temporally, aging suppresses in vitro neural stem cell proliferation in mice beginning at six months of age [117].…”

Section: Physical Activity Partially Reverses the Age-related Declsupporting

confidence: 81%

Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis during Aging and Physical Activity

Chen

2012

Brain Sciences

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Over the past decade, much progress has been made regarding our understanding of neurogenesis in both young and old animals and where it occurs throughout the lifespan, although the growth of new neurons declines with increasing age. In addition, physical activity can reverse this age-dependent decline in neurogenesis. Highly correlated with this decline is the degree of inter and intracellular Wnt signaling, the molecular mechanisms of which have only recently started to be elucidated. So far, most of what we know about intracellular signaling during/following exercise centers around the CREB/CRE initiated transcriptional events. Relatively little is known, however, about how aging and physical activity affect the Wnt signaling pathway. Herein, we briefly review the salient features of neurogenesis in young and then in old adult animals. Then, we discuss Wnt signaling and review the very few in vitro and in vivo studies that have examined the Wnt signaling pathways in aging and physical activity.

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Section: Physical Activity Partially Reverses the Age-related Declsupporting

confidence: 81%

Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis during Aging and Physical Activity

Chen

2012

Brain Sciences

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“…The precise mechanism of this readiness is made challenging by the host of pre-synaptic enhancement of neurotransmitter release and post-synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor changes as well as important downstream activity (e.g., cAMP response element-binding protein; CREB) associated with exercise-induced BDNF activity (Christie et al, 2008; Vaynman et al, 2004), all of which could play a role in long-term potentiation effects. In addition, in terms of longer-term structural changes, exercise appeared to reverse hippocampal degeneration and declining hippocampal network efficiency in aged animals, with enhancement of presynaptic densities and greater connectivity (Siette et al, 2013). These changes appear to explain the observed improvements in recognition memory associated with exercise in animals (Cotman et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Szuhany

Bugatti

Otto

2015

Journal of Psychiatric Research

639

466

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Consistent evidence indicates that exercise improves cognition and mood, with preliminary evidence suggesting that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate these effects. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to provide an estimate of the strength of the association between exercise and increased BDNF levels in humans across multiple exercise paradigms. We conducted a meta-analysis of 29 studies (N = 1,111 participants) examining the effect of exercise on BDNF levels in three exercise paradigms: (1) a single session of exercise, (2) a session of exercise following a program of regular exercise, and (3) resting BDNF levels following a program of regular exercise. Moderators of this effect were also examined. Results demonstrated a moderate effect size for increases in BDNF following a single session of exercise (Hedges’ g = 0.46, p < 0.001). Further, regular exercise intensified the effect of a session of exercise on BDNF levels (Hedges’ g = 0.58, p = 0.02). Finally, results indicated a small effect of regular exercise on resting BDNF levels (Hedges’ g = 0.28, p = 0.005). When analyzing results across paradigms, sex significantly moderated the effect of exercise on BDNF levels, such that studies with more women showed less BDNF change resulting from exercise. Effect size analysis supports the role of exercise as a strategy for enhancing BDNF activity in humans, but indicates that the magnitude of these effects may be lower in females relative to males.

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“…Aerobic exercise has been reported to contribute to further beneficial effects on the memory domain 32,36,48. The results of an animal study investigating the effects of 12 weeks of voluntary running on the restoration of place recognition memory in 20-month-old rats emphasized the unique synaptic effects of exercise on the aged brain and their specific relevance to the hippocampal-based system for place recognition memory 63. Dancing involves paying attention to music and signals while envisaging the next movement, and these feature may help patients to perform better in the verbal fluency category 50.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Cai¹,

Li²,

Hua³

et al. 2017

CIA

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the effect of exercise on cognitive function in people with chronic diseases.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and three Chinese databases were electronically searched for papers that were published until September 2016. This meta-analysis and systematic review included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on cognitive function compared with control group for people with chronic diseases.ResultsTotally, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 3,113 participants. The main analysis revealed a positive overall random effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. The secondary analysis revealed that aerobic exercise interventions and aerobic included exercise interventions had a positive effect on cognition in patients with chronic diseases. The intervention offering low frequency had a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. Finally, we found that interventions offered at both low exercise intensity and moderate exercise intensity had a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. The secondary analysis also revealed that exercise interventions were beneficial in Alzheimer’s disease patients when grouped by disease type.ConclusionThis meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that exercise interventions positively influence cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. Beneficial effect was independent of the type of disease, type of exercise, frequency, and the intensity of the exercise intervention.

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Age-Specific Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Memory and the Older Brain

Cited by 70 publications

References 52 publications

Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis during Aging and Physical Activity

Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis during Aging and Physical Activity

A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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