Agent-based stochastic model of thermostat adjustments: A demand response application

A level-of-details framework for representing occupant behavior in agent-based models

“…ABMs have also been used in residential use cases to evaluate thermostat adjustment behavior for demand response analysis [39], analyze heat pump usage behavior to predict regional dynamic electricity loads [16], incorporate dynamic OB for estimating energy consumption during summer overheating [40], and evaluate energy management strategies in student residences [41]. Urban-scale residential applications of ABM include assessing the impact of increased income and technological advancements on household behavior for clean energy policy planning [42] and simulating household activities to generate household and urbanscale load curves [43].…”

“…Urban-scale residential applications of ABM include assessing the impact of increased income and technological advancements on household behavior for clean energy policy planning [42] and simulating household activities to generate household and urbanscale load curves [43]. Vellei et al [39] considered diversity in occupant presence and activity behavior, as well as dynamic thermal perceptions to develop a stochastic model of occupant-thermostats interactions for informing the design and control of setpoint modulations. Chen et al [16] incorporated interactions among household members and dynamic occupancy profiles for simulating stochastic heating behavior in residential buildings.…”

“…Most ABMs intended for energy demand estimation typically consider a high-resolution occupancy model to capture randomness in movement and presence. For instance, Vellei et al [39] adopted stochastic occupancy models to capture occupant diversity in thermostat behavior in residential buildings. Likewise, Sinha et al [46] implemented an agent-based passenger flow model for estimating HVAC demand in a terminal building.…”

Determinants of Demand Response Program Participation: Contingent Valuation Evidence from a Smart Thermostat Program

“…In addition, all studies experienced positive benefit-cost ratios. While much of the research centers on the US, several studies show that STPs have the potential to reduce residential electricity demand in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [24,25], Turkey [26], and Canada [27] just to mention a few. It is for these reasons that STPs are a worthwhile companion in the ongoing effort to increase the prevalence of demand response programs as the "set it and forget it" nature of smart thermostats allows for customers to more easily participate in demand response programs [28].…”