Agglutination test for the investigation of the genus Naegleria

Anderson, Kevin; Jamieson, Adele

doi:10.3109/00313027209068953

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Working stock dilutions (50 ,g/ml) of AmB (Fungizone; E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc., Princeton, N.J.) were prepared from powdered drug, using Pringsheim solution for hydration and dilution. After hydration, AmB stock solutions were stored in the freezer and generally used within 1 week of hydration to minimize loss of activity. Both drug stocks and growth vessels containing diluted AmB were exposed to light for minimal periods of time (inoculation, sampling, etc.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Effects of Amphotericin B on Growth and Ultrastructure of the Amoeboflagellates Naegleria gruberi and Naegleria fowleri

Schuster

Rechthand

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In vitro effects of the polvene antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) on growth, viability, and ultrastructure of amoeboflagellates of the genus Naegleria were examined. The strains studied were the nonpathogenic Naegleria gruberi EGB and the Carter and TY strains of the pathogenic Naegleria fowleri. AmB was amoebicidal at all concentrations used (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 ,ug/ml) when the drug was added to cultures in lag phase, as determined by viability testing, but was mainly inhibitory when added to log-phase cultures. The drug produced ultrastructural modifications at all concentrations (0.05 to 1.0 gg/ml). These changes included distortion of nuclear shape, increase in cytoplasmic membranes (both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum), decrease in number of food vacuoles, absence of pseudopod formation, mitochondrial abnormalities, increase in autophagic vacuoles, and blebbing of the plasma membrane. These alterations of amoebic ultrastructure became more pronounced with increased time in AmB and with increase in AmB concentration in the growth medium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…guished from one another on the basis of temperature tolerance (23), immunochemistry (1,40), pathogenicity (6), and morphological differences in the cyst stage (28,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of Amphotericin B on Growth and Ultrastructure of the Amoeboflagellates Naegleria gruberi and Naegleria fowleri

Schuster

Rechthand

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…To date, AmB is the antibiotic for which there is the most clinical evidence of the successful treatment of humans with PAM. However, only 15 cases of recovery have been reported worldwide (Apley et al, 1970;Duma et al, 1971;Anderson & Jamieson, 1972;Brown, 1991;Poungvarin & Jariya, 1991;Loschiavo et al, 1993;Wang et al, 1993;Jain et al, 2002;Vargas-Zepeda et al, 2005;Yadav et al, 2013;Sood et al, 2014;Linam et al, 2015;Sharma et al, 2015;Cope et al, 2016). Recently, an investigational breast cancer and anti-Leishmania drug, miltefosine (Dorlo et al, 2012;Kaur et al, 2015), has shown promise when used in combination with other drugs, and a PAM patient was successfully treated using miltefosine and hypothermia; however, the patient suffered permanent brain damage (Cope et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Martínez-Castillo

Cardenas-Zuniga

Coronado-Velázquez

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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It has been 50 years since the first case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an acute and rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS), was reported in Australia. It is now known that the aetiological agent of PAM is Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that is commonly known as 'the brain-eating amoeba'. N. fowleri infects humans of different ages who are in contact with water contaminated with this micro-organism. N. fowleri is distributed worldwide and is found growing in bodies of freshwater in tropical and subtropical environments. The number of PAM cases has recently increased, and the rate of recovery from PAM has been estimated at only 5 %. Amphotericin B has been used to treat patients with PAM. However, it is important to note that there is no specific treatment for PAM. Moreover, this amoeba is considered a neglected microorganism. Researchers have exerted great effort to design effective drugs to treat PAM and to understand the pathogenesis of PAM over the past 50 years, such as its pathology, molecular and cellular biology, diagnosis and prevention, and its biological implications, including its pathogenic genotypes, its distribution and its ecology. Given the rapid progression of PAM and its high mortality rate, it is important that investigations continue and that researchers collaborate to gain better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and, consequently, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating infection of the CNS.

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“…Procedures were based on those described by Anderson and Jamieson (1972). Trophozoites from three-day axenic cultures were washed by centrifugation at 200 g for 10 min.…”

Section: Plate XXIIImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naegleria strain HB-1 antiserum titres were determined by immobilisation (TI) and agglutination (TA) tests in which the antigens were, respectively, living trophozoites suspended in ME-cell maintenance medium (MM) and formolised amoebae at a concentration of 1-2 x 106/ml (Singh and Das, 1970;Anderson and Jamieson, 1972); 0.1 ml of the appropriate antigen was added to 0.1 ml of doubling dilutions of non-inactivated sera in amoeba saline (TA tests) or ME-cell MM (TI tests), prepared in the wells of disposable flat-bottomed tissue-culture trays (Linbro; Gibco-Biocult Ltd, Paisley, Scotland). The wells were sealed with adhesive covers and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Normal (non-immune) rabbit serum and diluent controls were included in each test and the results were read with a Nikon stereo-microscope.…”

Section: Plate XXIIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition by Amoeba-Specific Antiserum and by Cytochalasin B of the Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria Fowleri in Mouse Embryo-Cell Cultures

Brown

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Agglutination test for the investigation of the genus Naegleria

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

In Vitro Effects of Amphotericin B on Growth and Ultrastructure of the Amoeboflagellates Naegleria gruberi and Naegleria fowleri

In Vitro Effects of Amphotericin B on Growth and Ultrastructure of the Amoeboflagellates Naegleria gruberi and Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri after 50 years: is it a neglected pathogen?

Inhibition by Amoeba-Specific Antiserum and by Cytochalasin B of the Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria Fowleri in Mouse Embryo-Cell Cultures

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