Aggregate Power Control of Heterogeneous TCL Populations Governed by Fokker–Planck Equations

Zheng, Jiqiang; Laparra, Gabriel; Zhu, Guchuan; Li, Meng

doi:10.1109/tcst.2020.2968873

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The authors of [158] developed a boundary observer for online estimation of the distribution of thermostatically controlled loads in the PDE model using the PDE backstepping method that only requires knowledge of times when a thermostatically controlled load in the grid switches between on and off states. This greatly reduces the feedback information that needs to be measured for a grid power management system, making control strategies such as those developed in [159][160][161] more practical. A recent review of lumped and distributed models for this problem, including a discussion of observability, is available in [162].…”

Section: Power Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear, Nonlinear, and Distributed-Parameter Observers Used for (Renewable) Energy Processes and Systems—An Overview

Radisavljevic-Gajic,

Karagiannis,

Gajic

2024

Energies

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Full- and reduced-order observers have been used in many engineering applications, particularly for energy systems. Applications of observers to energy systems are twofold: (1) the use of observed variables of dynamic systems for the purpose of feedback control and (2) the use of observers in their own right to observe (estimate) state variables of particular energy processes and systems. In addition to the classical Luenberger-type observers, we will review some papers on functional, fractional, and disturbance observers, as well as sliding-mode observers used for energy systems. Observers have been applied to energy systems in both continuous and discrete time domains and in both deterministic and stochastic problem formulations to observe (estimate) state variables over either finite or infinite time (steady-state) intervals. This overview paper will provide a detailed overview of observers used for linear and linearized mathematical models of energy systems and review the most important and most recent papers on the use of observers for nonlinear lumped (concentrated)-parameter systems. The emphasis will be on applications of observers to renewable energy systems, such as fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and wind turbines. In addition, we will present recent research results on the use of observers for distributed-parameter systems and comment on their actual and potential applications in energy processes and systems. Due to the large number of papers that have been published on this topic, we will concentrate our attention mostly on papers published in high-quality journals in recent years, mostly in the past decade.

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Section: Power Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear, Nonlinear, and Distributed-Parameter Observers Used for (Renewable) Energy Processes and Systems—An Overview

Radisavljevic-Gajic,

Karagiannis,

Gajic

2024

Energies

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“…Equation (8) expresses that the off-state loads flow out the TTD through the boundary θ max,1 and all flow into NTD through the boundary θ min2 .…”

Section: A Ftm Of Aclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After reaching the preset response time, the aggregate power returns to a new stable operating state after a small power oscillation. 5); u (6); u (7); u (8) u (9); u (10) u (11); u (12); u (13); u( 14) u (15); u (16); u (17); u( 18) u (19); u( 20 It can be observed from Fig. 15 that the number of switched loads in each sampling step is no more than 3 in the response process.…”

Section: B Performance Of Acl Cluster With Hybrid Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [17] establishes a state queueing (SQ) model to describe the operating state of ACLs, and [18] and [19] apply this model to different scenarios. References [8], [20] and [21] describe the dynamic process of TCLs based on the Fokker-Planck equations. Reference [22] further derives the free transport model (FTM) of TCLs and gives a bilinear state space model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Control Strategy for Air-conditioning Loads Participating in Peak Load Reduction Through Wide-range Transport Model

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads (ACLs) for participating in peak load reduction. The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment (TSA) control and on/off control together to make full use of response potentials of ACLs. The primary free transport model of ACLs has been established in literature at or near a fixed temperature setpoint. In this paper, a widerange transport (WRT) model suitable for larger value of TSA is proposed. The WRT model can be constructed easily through the parameter of devices and indoor and outdoor temperature. To modulate the aggregate response characteristics of ACLs more friendly to the power grid, the safe protocol (SP) is adopted and integrated into the WRT model, which achieves a good unification of oscillation suppression and efficient modeling. Moreover, the hybrid control strategy is implemented based on the WRT model, and the model predictive control (MPC) controller is designed considering the tracking error and control switch cost. At last, the superiority of the hybrid control strategy is verified and the performance of ACLs for peak load reduction under this controller is simulated. The simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy could exploit the load reduction potential of ACLs fully than the TSA mode and track the reference signal more accurately.

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“…Li Z et al (2022), Li L et al (2022) presented a distributed and real-time economic dispatch strategy, in which TCLs are collected to form a virtual and flexibly controlled battery to support the optimal operation of a power system. Additionally, Zheng J et al (2020), Zheng S et al (2020) proposed an incentive demand response strategy for both the upregulation and downregulation of multi-energy systems by considering the energy alternative effect and the coupling effect of users' behaviors. To make use of MEHLs in the special clean heating scenario, some related studies have been carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-carbon-oriented multi-time-scale dispatching strategy of multi-energy heterogeneous loads in clean heating scenarios of green residences

Sun²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Clean energy utilization is important for the improvement of energy structure. At present, photothermal and electrothermal conversion technologies are becoming increasingly applied in many homes, which can thus be regarded as green residences. To meet the heating demand of green residences, solar hot water systems and electricity-to-heat (E2H) conversion devices, such as ground source heat pumps electric heating stoves and electric water heaters are widely installed to provide a clean form of heat. Besides, common loads, such as lighting, washing, and electric vehicles are daily loads in green residences. The above electric and thermal loads are regarded as multi-energy heterogeneous loads MEHLs can be used to decarbonize green residences by optimizing energy dispatch through flexible control. In this study, a novel energy structure of green residences was extended through the combination of SHWs, E2H, GSHPs, and EVs, as well as rooftop photovoltaic systems. Then, to minimize carbon emissions, a residential energy dispatching model was designed from day-ahead and real-time scales and a low-carbon-oriented multi-energy heterogeneous loads coordinated control strategy was proposed. Finally, to mitigate the residents’ loss of comfort caused by MEHL control, the indoor environment and water tank temperatures and the state of charge of EVs were regarded as special constraints. The simulation revealed that the proposed strategy can reduce carbon emissions by 33.07% and meet the basic demand for residential heat and electricity. Additionally, the strategy has good applicability for decarbonizing green residences.

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Aggregate Power Control of Heterogeneous TCL Populations Governed by Fokker–Planck Equations

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Linear, Nonlinear, and Distributed-Parameter Observers Used for (Renewable) Energy Processes and Systems—An Overview

Linear, Nonlinear, and Distributed-Parameter Observers Used for (Renewable) Energy Processes and Systems—An Overview

Hybrid Control Strategy for Air-conditioning Loads Participating in Peak Load Reduction Through Wide-range Transport Model

A low-carbon-oriented multi-time-scale dispatching strategy of multi-energy heterogeneous loads in clean heating scenarios of green residences

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