Aggregation as a factor in loss of viral titer in seawater

Gerba, Charles P.; Schaiberger, George E.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90083-4

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Particulate matter may exert a protective effect on the viruses in the wetlands. Presence of particulate matter was found to decrease the inactivation of virus in seawater (Gerba & Schaiberger 1975). A plausible cause why poliovirus inactivation in sewage was not influenced by the presence of plants could be due to the presence of particulate matter and other organic matter in the sewage, which may exert a protective effect on the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and polio virus

Karim

Glenn

Gerba

2008

Journal of Water and Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study was conducted to examine the role of aquatic plants used in constructed wetlands on the survival of enteric bacteria and viruses. Four small-scale wetland systems, receiving fresh water and two other wetland systems, receiving secondary unchlorinated sewage were used in this study. Fresh water and secondary sewage without the presence of any aquatic plants were used as controls. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and poliovirus were added to the waters collected from the wetlands and controls. The presence of aquatic plants significantly increased the die-off of both bacteria in fresh water and secondary sewage.No significant difference in the die-off of E. coli and S. typhimurium was observed in water from wetlands with different types of plants in freshwater. However, there was a significant difference in the die-off of E. coli in water with aquatic plants when sewage was used. The presence of the plants significantly increased the inactivation of MS-2 and poliovirus. Additional work on the survival of E. coli indicated that the plausible mechanism of bacterial die-off in constructed wetlands is through increased microbial competition or predation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and polio virus

Karim

Glenn

Gerba

2008

Journal of Water and Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of non-biological factors (heavy metals, chemicals, adsorption to colloidal particles, temperature, etc.) in seawater have also been reported to have antiviral properties (1,4,6,8). The different factors reported with antiviral activity may reflect differences in either the test virus used (bacterial versus human) or the water sources examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment: evidence for virus-inactivating microorganisms

Fujioka¹,

Loh²,

Lau³

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stability of certain human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment was examined. The present data indicated that the time for 90% reduction of poliovirus type 1 at 24 ± 1°C in seawater samples obtained from different sites in Hawaii ranged from 24 to 48 h, and complete inactivation occurred within 72 to 96 h. The accumulated evidence also strongly indicated that a virus-inactivating agent(s) of a microbiological nature was present in both clean and sewage-polluted seawaters, but not in fresh, mountain stream waters. The antiviral activity was lost when the seawater samples were subjected to boiling, autoclaving, or filtration through a 0.22or 0.45-,um, but not a 1.0-,um, membrane filter. That the antiviral activity of the seawater was related to the growth activities of microorganisms was corroborated by the observed effects of added nutrients, a lower temperature of incubation, and the presence of certain antibiotics. Other enteric viruses, such as coxsackie virus B-4 and echo virus-7, were also shown to be similarly inactivated in seawater. which receives sewage discharge and stream and stormn water runoffs. As compared with the above coastal water samples, water from Pearl Harbor is characterized by high turbidity, high nutrient level, and in-1105

show abstract

“…The degree to which sorption onto particulates counteracts viral inactivation is affected by the ionic environment and whether adsorption is reversible. It is possible that the differential and sometimes contradictory effects of salinity on viral inactivation in natural waters (106,166,178,193,378) are related to the influence of ionic environment on the adsorption of a particular virus strain to water column particulates.…”

Section: Impact Of Viruses and Viral Infection On The Aquatic Food Wementioning

confidence: 99%

Virioplankton: Viruses in Aquatic Ecosystems

Wommack

Colwell

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,872

108

1,620

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The discovery that viruses may be the most abundant organisms in natural waters, surpassing the number of bacteria by an order of magnitude, has inspired a resurgence of interest in viruses in the aquatic environment. Surprisingly little was known of the interaction of viruses and their hosts in nature. In the decade since the reports of extraordinarily large virus populations were published, enumeration of viruses in aquatic environments has demonstrated that the virioplankton are dynamic components of the plankton, changing dramatically in number with geographical location and season. The evidence to date suggests that virioplankton communities are composed principally of bacteriophages and, to a lesser extent, eukaryotic algal viruses. The influence of viral infection and lysis on bacterial and phytoplankton host communities was measurable after new methods were developed and prior knowledge of bacteriophage biology was incorporated into concepts of parasite and host community interactions. The new methods have yielded data showing that viral infection can have a significant impact on bacteria and unicellular algae populations and supporting the hypothesis that viruses play a significant role in microbial food webs. Besides predation limiting bacteria and phytoplankton populations, the specific nature of virus-host interaction raises the intriguing possibility that viral infection influences the structure and diversity of aquatic microbial communities. Novel applications of molecular genetic techniques have provided good evidence that viral infection can significantly influence the composition and diversity of aquatic microbial communities.

show abstract

Aggregation as a factor in loss of viral titer in seawater

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and polio virus

The effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and polio virus

Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment: evidence for virus-inactivating microorganisms

Virioplankton: Viruses in Aquatic Ecosystems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About