“…There may also be a selection bias, as in the European NEXT study, where there was a disproportionate prevalence of male Italian nurses (Camerino, Estryn-Behar, Conway, van Der Heijden, & Hasselhorn, 2008). The present study had a high participation rate (94% of the nurses and 99% of the nursing students) compared with other similar studies on this topic-24% (Gascón et al, 2009), 33% (Winstanley & Whittington, 2004), 36% (Hodgson et al, 2004)thereby increasing our confidence in the results. However, although this study was conducted in multiple sites with a large sample, its results cannot be generalized to all hospitals and nursing schools.…”