Aging and diabetes drive the COVID-19 forwards; unveiling nature and existing therapies for the treatment

Abstract

Human SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 170 million people worldwide and resulted in more than 3.5 million deaths so far. The infection causes Coronavirus disease in people of all age groups, notably diabetic and old age people, at a higher risk of infectivity and fatality. Around 35% of the patients who have died of the disease were diabetic. The infection is associated with weakening immune response, chronic inflammation, and potential direct pancreatic impairment. There seems to be a three-way association of the SARS-CoV-2 infection with diabetes and aging. The COVID-19 infection causes metabolism complications, which may induce diabetes and accelerate aging in healthy individuals. How does diabetes elevate the likelihood of the infection is not clearly understood. we summarize mechanisms of accelerated aging in COVID-19 and diabetes, and the possible correlation of these three diseases. Various drug candidates under different stages of pre-clinical or clinical developments give us hope for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics, but there is no approved drug so far to treat this disease. Here, we explored the potential of anti-diabetic and anti-aging natural compounds for the COVID-19 treatment. We have also reviewed different therapeutic strategies with plant-based natural products that may be used to cure patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and post-infection syndrome.

Association of COVID-19 with Comorbidities: An Update

“…Another promising molecule, DPP-4 antagonist (Linagliptin), an anti-diabetic agent with potential anti-aging properties, was repurposed to combat COVID-19 infection also demonstrates antiaging properties. Further, plant-based natural compounds such as resveratrol, catechin, curcumin, procyanidin, and theaflavin have been tested for the treatment of COVID-19 disease through in silico , in vitro , and in vivo studies . More recently, convalescent plasma therapy has also been applied for COVID-19 associated comorbidities wherein it was used to downregulate the inflammatory cytokines and the viral load in COVID-19 patients .…”

Structural Advancement in Shoc2‐MAPK Signaling Pathways in the Treatment of Cancer and Other Diseases

“…The HawkDock server has been used to understand proteinprotein interactions in various different processes. [69,70,71] Our studies indicate that Shoc2 dimerization is likely to happen when HECT binds to Shoc2. Further studies need to be conducted to understand the details on this mechanism.…”

“…The program uses ATTRACT algorithm and Molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) simulations to determine the protein‐protein binding affinities. The HawkDock server has been used to understand protein–protein interactions in various different processes [69,70,71] . Our studies indicate that Shoc2 dimerization is likely to happen when HECT binds to Shoc2.…”

Influence of Nutritional Intakes in Japan and the United States on COVID-19 Infection

“…The intake of a plant-based diet was associated with 59% lower odds of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 severity [ 58 ] and a lower risk of COVID-19 infection [ 59 ]. The plant-based natural products used to cure patients infected with COVID-19 were reviewed [ 60 ]. Plants contain quercetin, and together with vitamin D and estradiol, they inhibit COVID-19 receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, etc.…”