Aging and the perception of slant from optical texture, motion parallax, and binocular disparity

Norman, J. Farley; Crabtree, Charles E.; Bartholomew, Ashley N.; Ferrell, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.3758/app.71.1.116

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…There are several possible reasons why no age differences were found in either of these studies (Norman et al, 2004; Norman et al, 2009). One possibility, of course, is that there are simply no effects of age on depth perception from motion parallax.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…One last possibility is that the effects of age on MP may only be apparent under some stimulus conditions. For example, in Norman et al’s (2009) study, the velocity at which the MP stimulus translated (generating pursuit eye movements, or dα), was 12 deg/sec. In their 2004 study, observers’ head movements were not strictly controlled, so the speed at which observers moved their heads (and generated the concomitant pursuit signal in the direction opposite that of head movement; Nawrot & Joyce, 2006) is unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across three different stimulus depth magnitudes (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 cm), both younger and older observers overestimated the amount of depth presented, but there was no age difference. In another study, observers adjusted a palm board to indicate the perceived amount of slant presented in MP-defined stimuli (Norman, Crabtree, Bartholomew, & Ferrell, 2009). Again, there was no difference between younger and older observers in the magnitude of adjusted slant, at any of the four degrees of stimulus slant.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effects of aging on the perception of depth from motion parallax

Holmin

Nawrot

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Successful navigation in the world requires effective visuospatial processing. Unfortunately, older adults have many visuospatial deficits, which can have severe real-world consequences. While some of these age effects are well documented, some others, such as the perception of depth from motion parallax, are poorly understood. Depth perception from motion parallax requires intact retinal image motion and pursuit eye movement processing. Decades of research have shown that both motion processing and pursuit eye movements are affected by age; it follows that older adults may also be less sensitive to depth from motion parallax. The goals of the current study were to characterize motion parallax depth thresholds in older adults, and to explain older adults’ sensitivity to depth from motion parallax in terms of motion and pursuit deficits. Younger and older adults’ motion thresholds and pursuit accuracy were measured. Observers’ depth thresholds across several different stimulus conditions were measured as well. Older adults had higher motion thresholds and less accurate pursuit, compared to younger adults. They were also less sensitive to depth from motion parallax, at slow and moderate pursuit speeds. Although older adults had higher motion thresholds than younger adults, they used available motion signals optimally, and age differences in motion processing could not account for older adults’ increased depth thresholds. Rather, these age effects can be explained by changes in older adults’ pursuit signals.

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confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The effects of aging on the perception of depth from motion parallax

Holmin

Nawrot

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Kaneko and Howard (1997) used palm board matches to full-cue surfaces to try to calibrate these measures for their main experiment but did not report the obtained functions. However, palm board data from Norman et al (2009), for example, showed the same sort of measurement bias (toward horizontal) as that investigated by Durgin et al (2010). Durgin et al (2010) did find that gesturing freely with an unseen hand produced a gain of essentially 1 for near full-cue surfaces but that similar gestures overestimated the slants of hills (see also Bridgeman & Hoover, 2008).…”

Section: Experiments 1 Numeric Estimates Of the Slants Of Visual Surfamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In Gibson's (1950) early framework, a frontal surface was defined as having zero optical slant, so that the frontal tendency was described as the underestimation t of slant (see also Norman et al, 2009). Here, we follow, instead, Sedgwick's (1986) practice of defining optical slant so that a frontal surface is stipulated as having an optical , LI, , AN AND HAJNA AJNAL calibration of the hopped-on leg (Durgin, Fox, & Kim, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Slant perception in near space is categorically biased: Evidence for a vertical tendency

Durgin

Hajnal

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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Aging and vision: changes in function and performance from optics to perception

Andersen

2012

WIRES Cognitive Science

115

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Age-related declines in vision can have a major impact on the health and well-being of an older population. A review of research on aging and vision indicate that these declines occur at multiple levels of the visual system including optics, sensory processing, and perceptual processing, and are not likely to due to a systemic change in brain function (e.g., generalized slowing; common cause hypothesis) as a result of normal aging. In addition, declines in sensory and perceptual processing are not due to low-level explanations such as the amount of light that reaches the retina. Declines in visual performance are due to a variety of distinct factors that include spatial integration and difficulty in processing visual information in the presence of noise. Neurophysiological studies suggest that processing declines may be due in part to changes in cortical inhibition mediated by changes in the level of neurotransmitters associated with inhibition. Despite the widespread declines in function with normal aging recent research suggests that perceptual learning can be used to dramatically improve visual function for older individuals. This research suggests a high degree of plasticity of the visual system among older populations and suggests that perceptual learning is an important tool for the recovery of age-related declines in vision.

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Aging and the perception of slant from optical texture, motion parallax, and binocular disparity

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

The effects of aging on the perception of depth from motion parallax

The effects of aging on the perception of depth from motion parallax

Slant perception in near space is categorically biased: Evidence for a vertical tendency

Aging and vision: changes in function and performance from optics to perception

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