Aging and the Respiratory System

Bonomo, Lorenzo; Larici, Anna Rita; Maggi, Fabio; Schiavon, Francesco; Berletti, Riccardo

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2008.04.012

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As age advances there is an oxidative damage that results in increased production of elastases which degrade elastic recoiling of the lung [36]. With age, the thorax is compressed and calcification of costal cartilage increases the severe kyphosis leading to loss of chest wall compliance and reduced diaphragmatic efficiency [37]. Overall, our findings are consistent with others that the intensity of cigarette and cigar smoking (pack-years) emerged as the main variable to influence airway obstruction in smokers [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Cigarette and Cigar Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Medabala

Mohesh²,

Kumar³

2013

JCDR

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Background: Tobacco smoking in India has been increasing alarmingly. Smoking is a known risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers, especially, the lung cancer. The percentage prevalence of cigarette smoking (18.5%) and cigar smoking (4%) in males is high in Andhra Pradesh compared to other southern states. There is not enough scientific literature to correlate about intensity of cigarette and cigar smoking and their impact on lung function though high prevalence is reported in Andhra Pradesh, India. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine whether PEFR differs between cigarette and cigar smokers compared to non-smokers and also to estimate the intensity of cigarette and cigar smoking on PEFR.Methods: PEFR was recorded in cigarette smokers (n=49) and cigar smokers (n=10) as well as in non-smokers (n=64) using Wright's mini Peak Flow Meter.Results: PEFR is decreased in both cigarette as well in cigar smokers compared to non-smokers and the magnitude of decline was higher in cigar smoking elderly individuals. Conclusion:The intensity of cigarette and cigar smoking (pack-years) emerged as the main variable to influence airway obstruction in smokers that caused greater reduction in PEFR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Cigarette and Cigar Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Medabala

Mohesh²,

Kumar³

2013

JCDR

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“…Therefore, we selected a threshold it should be recognized that elderly patients without signs of respiratory disease (also known as "primary" aging patients) constitute a limited group, accounting for less than 10% of the total elderly population. (29) Two other important limitations of our study were its retrospective nature and the fact that our patients had been diagnosed with extrathoracic malignancy, which means that they could not be ideally classified as healthy. However, none of the patients had been diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema or previous lung disease, as reported in their medical records or as seen on CT scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Índice de enfisema pulmonar em coorte de pacientes sem doença pulmonar conhecida: influência da idade

et al. 2012

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Objective: To investigate the effects of age on pulmonary emphysema, based on the values of the emphysema index (EI) in a cohort of patients who had never smoked and who had no recognizable lung disease. Methods: We reviewed the CT scans, reported as normal, of 315 patients. Exclusion criteria were a history of smoking, cardiorespiratory disease, and exposure to drugs that could cause lung disease. From this cohort, we selected 32 patients (16 men and 16 women), matched for gender and body mass index, who were divided equally into two groups by age (< 50 years and ≥ 50 years). We quantified emphysema using a computer program specific to that task. The EI was calculated with a threshold of −950 HU. We also evaluated total lung volume (TLV) and mean lung density (MLD). Results: The overall means for TLV, MLD, and EI were 5,027 mL, −827 HU, and 2.54%, respectively. Mean values in the older and younger groups, respectively, were as follows: for TLV, 5,229 mL vs. 4,824 mL (p > 0.05); for MLD, −846 HU vs. −813 HU (p < 0.04); and for EI, 3.30% vs. 1.28% (p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between EI and age (r = 0.66; p = 0.001), EI and TLV (r = 0.58; p = 0.001), and EI and MLD (r = −0.67; p < 0.001). The predicted EI per age was defined by the regression equation (r 2 = 0.43): p50(EI) = 0.049 × age − 0.5353. Conclusions: It is important to consider the influence of age when quantifying emphysema in patients over 50 years of age. Based on the regression analysis, EI values of 2.6%, 3.5%, and 4.5% can be considered normal for patients 30, 50, and 70 years of age, respectively. Keywords: Pulmonary emphysema; Tomography, spiral computed; Aging; Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive. ResumoObjetivo: Investigar os efeitos da idade no enfisema pulmonar, com base nos valores do índice de enfisema (IE) em uma coorte de pacientes que nunca fumou e que não possuía doença pulmonar conhecida. Métodos: Foram revisados exames de TC, considerados normais, de 315 pacientes. Tabagismo, doenças cardiorrespiratórias e exposição a drogas que poderiam causar doença pulmonar foram critérios de exclusão. Dessa coorte, selecionamos 32 pacientes (16 homens e 16 mulheres), igualmente divididos em dois grupos (idade < 50 anos e idade ≥ 50 anos), que foram pareados por gênero e índice de massa corpórea. Realizou-se a quantificação do enfisema utilizando um programa específico. O IE foi calculado com um limiar de −950 UH. O volume pulmonar total (VPT) e a densidade pulmonar média (DPM) também foram avaliados. Resultados: As médias gerais de VPT, DPM e IE foram 5.027 mL, −827 UH e 2,54%, respectivamente. A comparação entre os mais velhos e os mais novos mostrou as seguintes médias: VPT (5.229 mL vs. 4.824 mL; p > 0,05); DPM (−846 UH vs. −813 UH; p < 0,04) e IE (3,30% vs. 1,28%; p < 0,001). Houve correlações significativas entre IE e idade (r = 0,66; p = 0,001), IE e VPT (r = 0,58; p = 0,001) e IE e DPM (r = −0,67; p < 0,001). O IE previsto por idade foi definido através da equação de regressão (r 2 = 0,43): p50(IE) = 0,049 × i...

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“…Aging and accumulating exposure to environmental toxins can lead to numerous anatomical, physiological, and immunological modifications of the respiratory system [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Previous studies investigated the aging respiratory system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CT features of normal lung change in asymptomatic elderly patients

Leelakanok

Piyavisetpat

2015

Asian Biomedicine

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Background: Not all morphological lung changes in the elderly contribute to respiratory disease and may be a consequence of normal aging. Objectives: To describe the changes in asymptomatic elderly patients compared with those in younger patients in a Thai population. Methods: The study cohort comprised 60 participants without respiratory symptoms in three groups of 20 by age: 20−40 years, 41−60 years, and >60 years. Participants were prospectively selected from patients referred for computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, or head and neck, and underwent sequential CT during deep breathing at four lung levels. Two observers scored images by consensus. We compared groups using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and used receiver operating characteristic curves to categorize bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening by age. Results: Air trapping was related to age (5/20 group 1, 7/20 group 2, and 18/20 group 3 (P <0.01)) and was most prevalent in lower lobes (78%, P < 0.01). Reticulation was found in only one middle aged patient (P = 0.36). Bronchiectasis was more common in patients <56 years (7/23) than <56 years (3/37), P = 0.035. Bronchial wall thickening (7/23 in patients >56 years and 2/37 in patients <56 years, P = 0.02) and extensive air trapping were related to age (0/6 group 1, 1/6 group 2, and 5/6 group 3, P = 0.02). Findings were independent of smoking history. Conclusions: Asymptomatic older patients had higher prevalence of bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, and air trapping, independent of smoking history.

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Aging and the Respiratory System

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Cigarette and Cigar Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Effect of Cigarette and Cigar Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Índice de enfisema pulmonar em coorte de pacientes sem doença pulmonar conhecida: influência da idade

CT features of normal lung change in asymptomatic elderly patients

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