Aging, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

Poljšak, Borut; Milisav, Irina

doi:10.5772/51609

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Immediate defense mechanisms include: The production of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers that neutralize ROS produced by oxygen metabolism, ionizing radiation and UV radiation [ 40 – 43 ]. DNA repair [ 44 – 47 ], including direct reversal repair, base excision repair (BER) [ 48 – 51 ], nucleotide excision repair (NER) [ 52 – 54 ] and mismatch repair [ 44 – 47 ] for single strand modifications, and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), homologous recombination for double strand breaks (DSBs), and interstrand crosslink repair for modifications affecting both strands [ 55 – 58 ]; Elimination of damaged cells via apoptosis [ 59 – 64 ], and Proliferative arrest and replicative senescence [ 55 – 58 , 65 , 66 ] …”

Section: Radiation Dna Damage and Mechanisms Of Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization

et al. 2018

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While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.

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Section: Radiation Dna Damage and Mechanisms Of Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers that neutralize ROS produced by oxygen metabolism, ionizing radiation and UV radiation [ 40 – 43 ].…”

Section: Radiation Dna Damage and Mechanisms Of Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization

et al. 2018

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“…During aerobic respiration, the agents responsible for the AO defense are overwhelmed by these ROS and an imbalance is created. By using the right natural carotenoids, including those from marine microalgae, at the corrected doses, the levels of such reducing agents would be expected to improve, restoring the endogenous antioxidative system in the cells [ 80 ].…”

Section: Oxidative Stress—the Importance Of Reactive Species In Agmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

2015

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Epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential novel source of bioactive molecules, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements and novel food products. The objective of this review is (i) to update the research that has been carried out on the most known carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, including reporting on their high potentialities to produce other less known important compounds; (ii) to compile the work that has been done in order to establish some relationship between carotenoids and oxidative protection and treatment; (iii) to summarize the association of oxidative stress and the various reactive species including free radicals with several human diseases; and (iv) to provide evidence of the potential of carotenoids from marine microalgae to be used as therapeutics to treat or prevent these oxidative stress-related diseases.

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“…The growing interest in a youthful appearance fostered the use of anti-ageing cosmetics for the prevention or [7,8]. Direct evidence for the UV radiation-mediated generation of reactive species in skin is growing [9,10] which constitutes a rationale for the use of antioxidants in topical formulations, including anti-ageing cosmetics [11,12]. The use of antioxidants in skin care is further supported by the reported efficacy in the enrichment of the endogenous cutaneous protection system after topical administration [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the use of antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics

Silva

Ferreira

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Objective Skin health and beauty are a cornerstone of general well‐being in humans. Anti‐ageing cosmetics are used to provide a healthy and youthful appearance. Among the different cosmetic actives, antioxidants are incorporated in anti‐ageing products due to their beneficial effects in preventing and minimizing the signs of skin ageing. This work aims to understand how anti‐ageing formulations changed in the past 7 years regarding pure antioxidants composition. Methods Data were collected from anti‐ageing formulations commercialized in main stores and pharmacies in the Portuguese market. The study started on 2011 and was updated with products launched or whose composition has been renewed on 2013, 2015 or 2018. Results Ascorbic acid and tocopherol and their derivatives were consistently the most used antioxidants in anti‐ageing formulations; followed by niacinamide and retinyl palmitate. Seven ascorbic acid derivatives are currently used in anti‐ageing formulations while only three tocopherol derivatives were identified in this study. Several combinations of antioxidants were routinely found, mainly tocopherol (or tocopherol derivatives) with other antioxidants and tocopherol with tocopherol derivatives. We have not identified emerging antioxidants with great impact in anti‐ageing formulations even though niacinamide and retinyl palmitate exhibited over 10% more usage in 2018. Conclusion This insight is relevant to the cosmetic industry providing a better understanding of the scientific‐based formulation of modern cosmetics and supports the need for innovative antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics.

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Aging, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

Cited by 25 publications

References 110 publications

Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization

Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization

Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

Evolution of the use of antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics

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