Agonistic behavior enhances adult neurogenesis in maleAcheta domesticuscrickets

Abstract

SUMMARYWe examined the effect of agonistic behavior on cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult male Acheta domesticus crickets. We combined 5-bromo,2Јdeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling of dividing cells with immunocytochemical detection of the neuronal marker horseradish peroxidase to examine the proliferation of progenitor cells and the survival of newborn neurons. In crickets, the mushroom bodies of the brain contain clusters of proliferative cells that divide and generate new neurons in adulthood. Pairs of male crickets were allowed to fight and establish social rank and were then injected with BrdU. Proliferation of mushroom body neurogenic cluster cells was unaffected by agonistic interactions; 24 h after a fight, the number of BrdU positive cells in fought and un-fought males did not significantly differ. However, agonistic interactions did influence cell survival. Two weeks after an agonistic interaction, fought males had more newborn neurons than males that did not fight. There was also a rank-specific effect because dominant males had significantly more new neurons than subordinates. We also report for the first time that neurogenesis in adult crickets can occur in other regions of the brain and in other CNS ganglia, including the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). Agonistic interactions enhanced the proliferation of these distributed precursor cells but did not increase the survival of the newborn neurons generated by these cells.

Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of neural stem cell niches and neurogenic complexes maintaining adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus

“…In mammalian brains, adult neurogenesis predominantly produces new local interneurons of the olfactory bulb (periglomerular cells and granule cells) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (granule cells; Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). In brains of some insect species, adult neurogenesis generates new local interneurons (Kenyon cells) of the mushroom bodies (Cayre et al, 1994, 1996; Gu et al, 1999; Dufour and Gadenne, 2006; Mashaly et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2008; Ghosal et al, 2009). The mushroom bodies are large protocerebral neuropils that in most insects receive projections neurons (PNs) from the antennal lobes and thus represent the second stage of the central olfactory pathway; moreover, they are centers for multisensory integration (Strausfeld et al, 2009).…”

“…These NBs produce intermediate progenitor cells that act as self-renewing transit-amplifying cells that give rise to GMCs (Bello et al, 2008; Boone and Doe, 2008; Bowman et al, 2008; Izergina et al, 2009; Boyan et al, 2010). Adult neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies of insects is based on continued mitotic activity of a few NBs surviving after larval development (Cayre et al, 1994, 1996, 2002; Gu et al, 1999; Dufour and Gadenne, 2006; Mashaly et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2008; Ghosal et al, 2009). These adult NBs appear to generate progeny as the canonical embryonic and larval NBs (Dufour and Gadenne, 2006; Zhao et al, 2008); however, the exact cell lineage that they produce has not yet been established.…”

Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of neural stem cell niches and neurogenic complexes maintaining adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus

“…In mammalian brains, adult neurogenesis predominantly produces new local interneurons of the olfactory bulb (periglomerular cells and granule cells) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (granule cells; Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). In brains of some insect species, adult neurogenesis generates new local interneurons (Kenyon cells) of the mushroom bodies (Cayre et al, 1994(Cayre et al, , 1996Gu et al, 1999;Dufour and Gadenne, 2006;Mashaly et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2008;Ghosal et al, 2009 …”

“…These NBs produce intermediate progenitor cells that act as self-renewing transit-amplifying cells that give rise to GMCs (Bello et al, 2008;Boone and Doe, 2008;Bowman et al, 2008;Izergina et al, 2009;Boyan et al, 2010). Adult neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies of insects is based on continued mitotic activity of a few NBs surviving after larval development (Cayre et al, 1994(Cayre et al, , 1996(Cayre et al, , 2002Gu et al, 1999;Dufour and Gadenne, 2006;Mashaly et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2008;Ghosal et al, 2009). These adult NBs appear to generate progeny as the canonical embryonic and larval NBs (Dufour and Gadenne, 2006;Zhao et al, 2008); however, the exact cell lineage that they produce has not yet been established.…”

Agonistic behavior and electrical stimulation of the antennae induces Fos‐like protein expression in the male cricket brain

“…All trials took place at $201C during the last 6 h of the light phase (12:00-18:00 h). Agonistic behavioral trials have been previously described in detail (Ghosal et al, 2009). On the day of each experiment, crickets were taken to the dimly lit, silent recording room at least 1 h prior to the start of their behavioral trials.…”