Agoraphobia: Phenomenological aspects, associated characteristics, and theoretical considerations

Foa, Edna B.; Steketee, Gail; Young, Mitchell

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(84)90020-5

Cited by 70 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Although fear of panic is a salient characteristic of agoraphobia--for a review, see Foa, Steketee and Young (1984)--the present study corroborates recent research suggesting that it is not uncommon in other anxiety disorders (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky and McNally, 1984). Of course, the expectation of panic noted in the present sample is clearly related to specific environmental stimuli, in contrast to the often unpredictable panic attacks associated with the development of agoraphobia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias

McNally

Steketee

1985

Behaviour Research and Therapy

148

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Summary--Twenty-two outpatients who sought behavioral treatment for a severe animal phobia were questioned via structured interview to obtain information on the mode of onset and course of development of their fear. Information was also obtained regarding feared consequences and distressing stimulus characteristics of their feared animal. In each case, the phobia began in early childhood and remained stable or worsened with age. Mode of onset was unclassifiable in 15 cases (68~) because of patient inability to remember precipitants. Of the remaining 7 patients, 5 ascribed their fear to a frightening encounter with the animal ('conditioning'); indirect ('instructional' and 'vicarious') causes were cited in the remaining cases. Virtually all patients feared panic and its consequences following an unavoidable encounter with the phobic animal, whereas less than half reported fear that the animal would attack. Stimulus features, especially movement, were found to be salient fear-eliciting cues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias

McNally

Steketee

1985

Behaviour Research and Therapy

148

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“…The high incidence of agoraphobia in both groups, and the coexistence of panic and agoraphobic avoidance, (both with and without depression), is in accord with the concept of an integral relationship between panic and agoraphobic symptoms (Foa et al, 1984;Goisman et al, 1994;Noyes et al, 1987;Sheehan, 1983;Uhde et al, 1985). However, the nature of that close relationship is important to consider as it relates to the question of time to peak intensity of panic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Rapid onset: A valid panic disorder criterion?

et al. 1997

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“…Although behavioral and cognitive therapies have traditionally focused on changing (rather than accepting) private experiences, even within these domains, emotional and other forms of experiential avoidance have been recognized as a problem. Cognitive therapists have recognized that unpleasant events tend to be ignored, distorted, or forgotten (Foa, Steketee, & Young, 1984). Modern behavioral therapies such as dialectical behavior therapy (Linehan, 1992) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes et al, 1999) are focused on accepting negative experiences rather than controlling them.…”

Section: Experiential Avoidance and Psychopathology: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review

2007

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The construct of experiential avoidance has become more frequently used by clinical researchers. Experiential avoidance involves the unwillingness to remain in contact with private experiences such as painful thoughts and emotions and is often proposed to be critical to the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This review summarizes the empirical studies on experiential avoidance as a factor in the etiology of maladaptive behavior and its relationship to specific diagnostic categories. Although some of the current literature suggests that experiential avoidance may be implicated in various forms of psychopathology, a fundamental limitation of this research is the lack of theoretical integration and refinement with regard to operationalizing and assessing experiential avoidance. Future studies should attempt to understand the core processes involved in experiential avoidance better, and then clearly operationalize the construct and determine its incremental validity relative to other constructs.

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Agoraphobia: Phenomenological aspects, associated characteristics, and theoretical considerations

Cited by 70 publications

References 76 publications

The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias

The etiology and maintenance of severe animal phobias

Rapid onset: A valid panic disorder criterion?

Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review

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