Agreement Rates Between Oral Contraceptive Users and Prescribers in Relation to Drug Use Histories

Stolley, Paul D.; Tonascia, James; Sartwell, Philip E.; Tockman, Melvyn S.; Tonascia, Susan; Rutledge, Ann; Schinnar, Rita

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112529

Cited by 86 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…However, random error in exposure data, if present, would lead to a dilution of any observed effect and would not have an important effect on the results. Several studies have shown good agreement between questionnaire data and physicians' records of basic data on OCP use (15)(16)(17). The questions on pregnancy had been validated by personal interview in a previous study (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis

Spector

Roman

Silman

1990

Arthritis & Rheumatism

136

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We report on a case-control study investigating the relationship of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and parity to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Women with RA were compared with 2 separate control groups, women with osteoarthritis (OA) and women randomly selected from a population-based electoral register. Nulliparity was found to be a risk factor for the development of RA, with age-adjusted odds ratios of 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-3.03) versus the OA control group and 1.83 (95% CI 1.03-3.06) versus the population control group. Use of OCPs before the age of 35 was negatively associated with RA (odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.29-1.12 versus the OA control group; odds ratio 0.6, 95% CI 0.30-1.17 versus the population control group). Some evidence of a duration-response effect was seen, although the numbers were small. The 2 variables were also multiplicative, with nulliparous non-OCP users having a 4-fold risk of RA compared with parous OCP users. These findings suggest that pregnancy and OCP use have a "protective effect" on the development of RA, although the mechanism remains unclear.-. Epidemiologic and immunologic evidence suggests that hormonal factors may play a role in the etiology and course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This hypothesis is based on several observations, including a 2-3-fold excess incidence in women at all ages ( l ) , an amelioration of the disease in 80% of women during pregnancy (2). and reported variations in disease severity during the menstrual cycle (3). It has also been suggested that pregnancy may play a role in the later development of RA. However, the evidence about the direction of this association is contradictory. One large population study indicated that parous women are more likely to develop R A (4). whereas another indicated that nulliparous women are at increased risk ( 5 ) . From theA number of European studies have indicated that women who have used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) are less likely to develop RA than women who have not used it (6-9). Studics from the United States, however, have failed to show a similar relationship (10.1 1). The reasons for these discrepancies are unclear, but differences in study design, patient selection, and methods of analysis have been implicated (12).We report herein the findings of an investigation into the effects of panty and OCP use on the development of RA. PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients. The study had a case-control design. Two hundred ninety female outpatients (age range 35-70 years) who attended 1 of 6 rheumatology centers in east London were studied. The diagnosis of RA was made by the attending physician, according to the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (13). The majority of the patients (89%) had used a second-line agent at some time, and 76% were seropositive. Women <35 years old were excluded

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis

Spector

Roman

Silman

1990

Arthritis & Rheumatism

136

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“…These studies showed reasonable agreement for the presence of a medical condition [6,7] or use of a drug [4,9,12,13] and for the names of drugs used [4,9,12,13] but much weaker agreement on duration of drug use or dates when drug use was begun and ended [1][2][3][4]12,13]. Recall was better for recent use than for earlier use of a drug [4,12,13]. However, most analyzed data were collected for other purposes; few were true methodologic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacoepidemiology studies have compared patient self-reports to information in medical records [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], pharmacy records [9][10][11], claims data [12,13], or other sources [14,15]. These studies showed reasonable agreement for the presence of a medical condition [6,7] or use of a drug [4,9,12,13] and for the names of drugs used [4,9,12,13] but much weaker agreement on duration of drug use or dates when drug use was begun and ended [1][2][3][4]12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interview strategy was critical for obtaining valid information on the use of hormone replacement therapy

Strom

Schinnar

2004

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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“…Other articles have reported much larger proportions of misclassiÿed exposures [2,34,35], where the consequences of ignoring the problem would have been greater. To demonstrate the e ectiveness of our method in correcting for large rates of misclassiÿcation, we created data with 30 per cent of exposures misclassiÿed in cases and 40 per cent in controls.…”

Section: Validation Sample E Ects Sensitivity and Large Misclassiÿcamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian approach to prospective binary outcome studies with misclassification in a binary risk factor

Prescott

Garthwaite

2005

Statist. Med.

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Misclassification in a binary exposure variable within an unmatched prospective study may lead to a biased estimate of the disease-exposure relationship. It usually gives falsely small credible intervals because uncertainty in the recorded exposure is not taken into account. When there are several other perfectly measured covariates, interrelationships may introduce further potential for bias. Bayesian methods are proposed for analysing binary outcome studies in which an exposure variable is sometimes misclassified, but its correct values have been validated for a random subsample of the subjects. This Bayesian approach can model relationships between explanatory variables and between exploratory variables and the probabilities of misclassification. Three logistic regressions are used to relate disease to true exposure, misclassified exposure to true exposure and true exposure to other covariates. Credible intervals may be used to make decisions about whether certain parameters are unnecessary and hence whether the model can be reduced in complexity. In the disease-exposure model, for parameters representing coefficients related to perfectly measured covariates, the precision of posterior estimates is only slightly lower than would be found from data with no misclassification. For the risk factor which has misclassification, the estimates of model coefficients obtained are much less biased than those with misclassification ignored.

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Agreement Rates Between Oral Contraceptive Users and Prescribers in Relation to Drug Use Histories

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis

The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis

An interview strategy was critical for obtaining valid information on the use of hormone replacement therapy

A Bayesian approach to prospective binary outcome studies with misclassification in a binary risk factor

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