Agricultural burning monitored for air pollutants in Imperial County; exposure reduction recommendations developed

Harnly, Martha; Naik-Patel, Kinnery; Wall, Stephen; Quintana, Penelope J.E.; Pon, Diamon; Wagner, Jeff

doi:10.3733/ca.v066n03p85

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Agricultural Burning was strongly observed at SB and WI, accounting for 4% and 5% of the observed mass at each site, respectively (Figures D and S10). This is likely due to the proximity of these sites to active agricultural regions where burning is known to occur in both summer and winter …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Sources in the Salton Sea Basin: A Clear Case of an Anthropogenically Impacted Dust Budget

Frie

Garrison

Schaefer

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Salton Sea Basin in California suffers from poor air quality, and an expanding dry lakebed (playa) presents a new potential dust source. In 2017−18, depositing dust was collected approximately monthly at five sites in the Salton Sea Basin and analyzed for total elemental and soluble anion content. These data were analyzed with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The PMF method resolved seven dust sources with distinct compositional markers: Playa (Mg, SO 4 2− , Na, Ca, Sr), Colorado Alluvium (U, Ca), Local Alluvium (Al, Fe, Ti), Agricultural Burning (K, PO 4 3− ), Sea Spray (Na, Cl − , Se), Anthropogenic Trace Metals (Sb, As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Na), and Anthropogenic Copper (Cu). All sources except Local Alluvium are influenced or caused by current or historic anthropogenic activities. PMF attributed 55 to 80% of the measured dust flux to these six sources. The dust fluxes at the site where the playa source was dominant (89 g m −2 yr −1 ) were less than, but approaching the scale of, those observed at Owens Lake playas in the late 20th century. Playa emissions in the Salton Sea region were most intense during the late spring to early summer and contain high concentrations of evaporite mineral tracers, particularly Mg, Ca, and SO 4 2− .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Sources in the Salton Sea Basin: A Clear Case of an Anthropogenically Impacted Dust Budget

Frie

Garrison

Schaefer

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Future study designs that allow for longer passive sampling times (>1 week) would increase the value of the passive sampling approach. In cases where return sampler retrieval visits are not possible on this timescale, the samples can be retrieved by participants and mailed to the lab [34].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Airborne Particle Types and Sources at a California School Using Electron Microscopy

Wagner,

Castorina,

Kumagai

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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We conducted a pilot study to investigate air quality indoors in two classrooms and outdoors on the school grounds in a California community with historically high PM2.5 (fine particulate matter, diameter < 2.5 μm). We used computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy of passive samples to identify major PM types, which were used to help interpret continuous PM2.5 and black carbon sensor data. The five major PM types were sodium salt particles with sulfur, calcium, or chlorine; aluminosilicate dusts; carbonaceous combustion agglomerates; biogenic particles; and metal-rich particles. Based on morphological evidence of water droplets, the salt particles are hypothesized to be secondary aerosols formed via the reaction of sodium chloride fog droplets with sulfur from regional sources. The carbonaceous agglomerates had unusual morphologies consistent with low-temperature combustion and smoke from open-burning activities observed nearby. The passive PM sampler and continuous sensor results indicated lower concentrations in the classroom equipped with an air cleaner. Passive samples collected in one classroom exhibited enhanced PM10–2.5 crustal particles and PM2.5 metal particles, suggesting a potential local PM source in that room. Future study designs that enable longer passive sampling times would reduce detection limits and sample contamination concerns. The determination of major airborne particle types in a given environment makes this technique a useful and unique community exposure assessment tool, even in these limited-duration (48 h) deployments.

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“…Rural communities can be exposed to airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) from a range of compositions and sources, including windblown dust, biological and plant aerosols, crop burning, and diesel exhaust from construction and vehicles (Record and Baci, 1980;Watson and Chow, 2001;Harnly et al, 2012). When measurements of community exposures to PM 2.5 are determined to be high compared to health standards, identification of the most prominent PM 2.5 sources enables more effective control and assessment of potential health impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

Wagner

Wang

Ghosal

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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When community exposures to PM 2.5 are high, identification of the particle sources enables more effective control and assessment of health impacts. This study demonstrates forensic particle analysis methods that can be used when only limited, archived samples are available. Federal reference method (FRM) filters from seven high PM 2.5 days were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman micro-spectroscopy to determine individual particle morphology and composition, together with supplemental wind roses, GIS mapping, FRM inlet penetration calculations, and windblown dust modeling. This approach identified three distinct sources of high PM 2.5 measurements: 1) local, windblown dust from an atypical direction, consistent with modeling predictions for a normally operating PM 2.5 inlet challenged with a high concentration of windblown dust particles, potentially enhanced by re-entrainment of particles from within the inlet, 2) wintertime, regional, hygroscopic, nitrogen-and sulfur-rich salts, consistent with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and 3) sampling or documentation error. This approach can be used in any location in which regulatory PM filters and other air quality data are available.

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Agricultural burning monitored for air pollutants in Imperial County; exposure reduction recommendations developed

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Dust Sources in the Salton Sea Basin: A Clear Case of an Anthropogenically Impacted Dust Budget

Dust Sources in the Salton Sea Basin: A Clear Case of an Anthropogenically Impacted Dust Budget

Identification of Airborne Particle Types and Sources at a California School Using Electron Microscopy

Source Identification on High PM2.5 Days Using SEM/EDS, XRF, Raman, and Windblown Dust Modeling

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