Agricultural Wastes

Zhang, Zhenyuan; Gonzalez, Andrea M.; Davies, Evan; Liu, Yang

doi:10.2175/106143012x13407275695193

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Because of their high energy content, rice husks are often used as fuel in electric plants and boilers. The burning of rice husks leaves behind large quantities of agrowaste called rice husk ash (RHA), the disposal of which is considered a major environmental issue . Depending on combustion conditions, RHA contains 55–97 wt% silica, primarily in amorphous form (opaline), with the remainder consisting of carbon that cannot be easily eliminated because it is trapped within the silica structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, synergistic composites of polypropylene and rice husk ash: Sustainable resource hybrids prepared by solid-state shear pulverization

Iyer

Torkelson

2013

Polym. Compos.

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Rice husk ash (RHA) is an agrowaste byproduct resulting from the incineration of rice husks for power production; white RHA is ∼90 wt% or more silica, which makes it a potentially sustainable and inexpensive substitute for commercial (less “green”) silica filler. Past research on polypropylene (PP)‐RHA hybrids made by melt processing has yielded modest increments in Young's modulus, reduced yield strength, and drastic reductions in elongation at break relative to neat PP. Using the industrially scalable solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP) process, PP‐RHA hybrids are made with 4–38 wt% RHA. As determined by microscopy and other methods, composites made by SSSP have much better RHA dispersion than composites reported in the literature made by twin‐screw extrusion. The superior dispersion leads to major enhancements in tensile modulus (up to 100% increases relative to neat PP) while maintaining the yield strength of neat PP and remarkably high values of elongation at break (e.g., 520% at 19 wt% RHA), far higher than composites made by melt processing. The properties of hybrids made by SSSP are competitive with and in some cases superior to those of PP hybrids made with commercial silica. The PP‐RHA hybrids also exhibit major increases in hardness, approaching that of polycarbonate in the case of a 38 wt% RHA hybrid. The 38 wt% RHA hybrid exhibits solid‐like rheology at low frequency. Nevertheless, all PP‐RHA hybrids made by SSSP exhibit viscosities at moderate to high shear rates that are little changed from that of neat PP. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1211–1221, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, synergistic composites of polypropylene and rice husk ash: Sustainable resource hybrids prepared by solid-state shear pulverization

Iyer

Torkelson

2013

Polym. Compos.

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“…The Feedstocks and Dry Weights 1 CD 1 16 g 2 CD 16 g + CS 2 8 g 3 CD 16 g + GL 3 8 g 4 CD 16 g + VI 4 8 g 5 CD 16 g + WR 5 8 g 6 CD 16 g + SL 6 8 g 7 CD 16 g + TL 7…”

Section: Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaerobic co-digestion has attracted many researchers' attention due to its advantages, such as better nutrient balance, higher biogas yield, and higher residual fertilizer value compared with traditional methods of agricultural waste treatment (incineration, landfill, composting, etc.) [2][3][4][5]. Most of the previous studies on anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes focused on a direct analysis of experimental data [6][7][8], instead of modeling the methane production kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Methane Production Kinetics of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Agricultural Wastes Using Sigmoidal Functions

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2021

Energies

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The modified sigmoidal bacteria growth functions (the modified Gompertz, logistic, and Richards) were used to evaluate the methane production process kinetics of agricultural wastes. The mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion experiments were conducted with various agricultural wastes as feedstocks, including cow manure, corn straw, grape leaves, vines, wine residue, strawberry leaves, and tomato leaves. The results showed that anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and other agricultural wastes increased the methane yields while it prolonged the lag phase time. Compared with the modified Gompertz and logistic models, the modified Richards model obtained higher correlation coefficients and was able to fit experimental data better. The results of this study were expected to determine a suitable model to simulate and study the kinetic process of anaerobic co-digestion with mixed agricultural wastes as feedstocks.

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“…rice straw [5], rice husks [6], coconut shells [7], palms and dates [8], lemon peel [9], almond shells [10], etc., can be considered to be agricultural waste [11]. The waste generated by industry, such as coal fly ash (CFA) [12,13], red mud [14,15], gypsum waste [16,17], sewage sludge [18], iron tailing [19], etc., fall under the category of industrial waste [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Yadav¹,

Yadav²,

Tirth

et al. 2021

Materials

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Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns throughout the world. The rise of industrialization has increased the generation of waste materials, causing environmental degradation and threat to the health of living beings. To overcome this problem and effectively handle waste materials, proper management skills are required. Waste as a whole is not only waste, but it also holds various valuable materials that can be used again. Such useful materials or elements need to be segregated and recovered using sustainable recovery methods. Agricultural waste, industrial waste, and household waste have the potential to generate different value-added products. More specifically, the industrial waste like fly ash, gypsum waste, and red mud can be used for the recovery of alumina, silica, and zeolites. While agricultural waste like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shells can be used for recovery of silica, calcium, and carbon materials. In addition, domestic waste like incense stick ash and eggshell waste that is rich in calcium can be used for the recovery of calcium-related products. In agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors, several raw materials are used; therefore, it is of high economic interest to recover valuable minerals and to process them and convert them into merchandisable products. This will not only decrease environmental pollution, it will also provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for materials synthesis. These value-added materials can be used for medicine, cosmetics, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup.

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Agricultural Wastes

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Novel, synergistic composites of polypropylene and rice husk ash: Sustainable resource hybrids prepared by solid-state shear pulverization

Novel, synergistic composites of polypropylene and rice husk ash: Sustainable resource hybrids prepared by solid-state shear pulverization

Modeling the Methane Production Kinetics of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Agricultural Wastes Using Sigmoidal Functions

Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

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