Agriculture, peasantry and poverty in Turkey in the neo-liberal age

Öztürk, Murat

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-748-6

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This trend was accompanied by an increasing share of transnational and national corporations in agricultural input, food processing (Oral ), and high‐value food retail markets (Atasoy ) while the LFCs were in decline (Aydın ). However, the theory does not fully explain how the majority of small‐scale producers in Turkey managed to survive after a decade of economic restructuring (Keyder and Yenal ; Öztürk ). In 2006, the year with the lowest agricultural employment of the decade, small‐scale farms (below 10 ha) accounted for more than four‐fifths of total farms and more than one‐third of total arable land in Turkey (TurkStat ).…”

Section: Survival Of Small‐scale Farmers In a Post‐fordist Accumulatimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Story of Post‐Fordist Exploitation: Financialization and Small‐Scale Maize Farmers in Turkey

Borlu

2015

Rural Sociology

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After the implementation of economic restructuring policies in Turkish agriculture, farming communities experienced significant changes in the patterns of agricultural production over the last decade. The dramatic shift from labor‐intensive field crops to maize farming represents such a change, particularly for small‐scale farmers, since high‐yield maize farming is driven by private agrifood corporate demand. In this article, I explore how this shift influences the relations of production in agriculture through a commodity‐system analysis of the maize sector in Turkey. Through the qualitative analysis of the semistructured in‐depth interviews and secondary data, I find that small‐scale farmers are able to participate in maize farming, even as their dependence on production credits to participate in industrial maize farming crucially reduces their bargaining power with private industry. I argue that the traditional Marxist approach, accumulation by dispossession, is not sufficient to explain the participation of small‐scale farmers. Instead, I propose a new concept, entrepreneurial exploitation, to describe the participation of small‐scale investors in the post‐Fordist regime. Thereby, I point to the important role of expansion of credit markets as a consequence of financialization.

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Section: Survival Of Small‐scale Farmers In a Post‐fordist Accumulatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, I analyze maize farmers with between 10 and 20 ha as medium‐scale maize farmers to add more nuance to the analysis. Öztürk () defines small‐scale farms as those below 10 hectares.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Story of Post‐Fordist Exploitation: Financialization and Small‐Scale Maize Farmers in Turkey

Borlu

2015

Rural Sociology

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“…From the urban perspective, this influx contributes to structural changes in the nature of city poverty, for example by fixing what had been transit shanty‐style housing ( gecekondu ) as a permanent arrangement and thereby contributing to the spatial marginalisation of the outer‐city poor (Öztürk, : 189ff). In the countryside, meanwhile, the disproportionate outflow of the youth and (would be) working population is augmented by the rural migration of retired people – both returnees and those going to live in the retirement/holiday villages – to massively impact on an already ageing demographic (due to better nutrition, healthcare, etc.).…”

Section: Changes In Farming and Village Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Migration as Movement and Multiplace Life: Some Recent Developments in Rural Living Structures in Turkey

Öztürk

Hilton

Jongerden

2013

Population Space and Place

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Discussing recent trends and developments in migration and mobility affecting what may be referred to as a ‘reconstitution’ of villages, this paper discusses the changing character of rural settlement and settlement patterns in Turkey today. The binary division of rural and urban is questioned through a dialectical/relational approach to settlement formation, while settlement is defined by relation to (human) movement, itself understood as incorporating the modalities of migration and mobility. By focusing on the socio‐economics of increasing affluence, the advance of capital generally, and the introduction of neoliberalism into agriculture in particular, a number of contemporary rural‐oriented (migratory/mobility) movements and ‘living structures’ are investigated, which, taken together, suggest a growing development of ‘dual settlement’ and ‘multiplace hybrid’ life. The paper concludes with a typology of villages and some thoughts on the theoretical implications of this study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…A new scheme of government assistance, which requires capital and knowledge from producers, as seen by provisions for high‐value crops and income support according to land ownership, has discouraged smallholders from cultivation (Aydın ). In the face of declining earnings from farming, smallholder households have tried to diversify their income‐generating activities through the labour migration of male members, the intensification of female labour on farms (Morvardi ; Özbay 1982 Cited in Berik ; Kandiyoti 1984 Cited in Berik ), and, more recently, the off‐farm wage work of female members (Öztürk ). Women’s off‐farm work is increasingly vital for rural households, as it is becoming increasingly difficult for men to find decent jobs in a context of workforce casualisation (Buğra and Keyder ; Keyder and Yenal ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the great majority of women farmers continue to have very limited access to income, land ownership and decision‐making (Gönüllü Atakan ; Savran Al‐Haik ; Kocabicak ). Some research mentions rural women’s off‐farm employment as a survival strategy of rural households that abandoned commercial farming (Öztürk ; Gönüllü Atakan ). However, the effect of women’s off‐farm wage work on women’s lives and gender relations in rural society is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Geographical Disadvantages and Social Exclusion: A Case Study of Gendered Rural Transformation in Mountain Villages in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Him

Hoşgör

2019

Sociologia Ruralis

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This article discusses the gender‐specific effect of the changing economic structure of mountain villages in Turkey. Rural women, who are conventionally unpaid family workers, have begun entering into off‐farm work due to declining household incomes in recent years. The implications of this for gender relations are found to be contradictory in much recent research. In this study, we employed the concepts of the hybridity of rural communities and the multiplicity of social exclusion in a globalising countryside. We used a qualitative methodology employing multiple sources of data. In addition to in‐depth interviews with 27 village women, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with village headmen and structured interviews with 218 village women to understand the structural context behind the women’s narratives. We found that the dimension of social exclusion varies with gender and age within the community. While middle‐aged men are increasingly unemployed and have withdrawn into uncompetitive rural life, young women engage in wage work and challenge geographical disadvantages by spending their meagre earnings on transportation and communication technologies. The reconfiguration of marginality within the community, rather than the total marginalisation of villagers, is an ongoing process.

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Agriculture, peasantry and poverty in Turkey in the neo-liberal age

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

A Story of Post‐Fordist Exploitation: Financialization and Small‐Scale Maize Farmers in Turkey

A Story of Post‐Fordist Exploitation: Financialization and Small‐Scale Maize Farmers in Turkey

Migration as Movement and Multiplace Life: Some Recent Developments in Rural Living Structures in Turkey

Challenging Geographical Disadvantages and Social Exclusion: A Case Study of Gendered Rural Transformation in Mountain Villages in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

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