Agro-potentiality of distillery effluent on soil and agronomical characteristics of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (okra)

Abstract

The present study showed that irrigation of soil with different effluent concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %) of distillery effluent (DE) for 60 days resulted in significant (P < 0.001) changes in moisture content; electrical conductivity (EC), pH, chlorides (Cl(-)), total organic carbon (TOC), exchangeable sodium (Na(+)), available potassium (K(+)), calcium (Ca(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)), iron (Fe(2+)), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), available phosphorus (P), and sulfate (SO4 (2-)) of soil. The non-significant (P > 0.05) changes were observed for water-holding capacity and bulk density of the soil. Among various concentrations of DE irrigation, irrigation with 100 % effluent concentration increased moisture content, (24.85 %), EC (77.88 %), Cl(-) (285.95 %), TOC (3,171.42 %), exchangeable Na(+) (241.04 %), available K(+) (52.49 %), Ca(2+) (990.37 %), Mg(2+) (1,751.72 %), TKN (1,417.00 %), available P (305.00 %), and SO4 (2-) (75.32 %) in the soil and decreased pH (-20.22 %). The more stimulation in agronomical parameters such as shoot length, root length, number of leaves, flowers, pods, dry weight, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and crop yield of A. esculentus were observed to be inversely proportional to the concentration of effluent water, with the best results being obtained at a dilution of 25 % of DE concentration.

Pearl millet (Pennisetum Glaucum L.) response after ferti-irrigation with sugar mill effluent in two seasons

“…The presence of these chemicals in large quantities in the effluent not only affects plant growth but also collapses the soil properties when used for irrigation (Al-Jaloud et al 1995;Roy et al 2007;Ayyasamy et al 2008). Therefore, the effluent can be applied for productive uses since it contains nutrients that have the potential for use in agriculture Chopra et al 2012). In agriculture, irrigation water can affect soil characteristics and agricultural crop growth (Almodares and Sharif 2007;Kumar and Chopra 2010).…”

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Paper Mill Effluent Soil Using <i>Croton sparsiflorus</i>

“…Irrigation with effluents is known to contribute significantly to the heavy metals content of soil as well as crop plants [3][4][5]. Heavy metals are very harmful because of their non-biodegrable nature, long biological half-lives and their potential to accumulate in different body parts [6][7][8].…”

“…Heavy metals are very harmful because of their non-biodegrable nature, long biological half-lives and their potential to accumulate in different body parts [6][7][8]. Most of the heavy metals are extremely toxic because of their solubility in water [3,9,10]. The major short comings of the conventional treatments are low efficiency at low concentration of heavy metals, expensive handling and safe disposal of toxic sludge [11].…”

Distribution, Enrichment and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and &lt;i&gt;Trigonella foenum-graecum&lt;/i&gt; L. (Fenugreek) after Fertigation with Paper Mill Effluent

“…Irrigation with effluents is known to contribute significantly to the heavy metals content of soil as well as crop plants [3][4][5]. Heavy metals are very harmful because of their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives and their potential to accumulate in different body parts [6][7][8].…”

“…Heavy metals are very harmful because of their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives and their potential to accumulate in different body parts [6][7][8]. Most of the heavy metals are extremely toxic because of their solubility in water [3,9,10]. Wastewater contains substantial amounts of toxic heavy metals, which create problems [6,[11][12][13].…”