Agroterrorism: What Is the Threat and What Can Be Done About It?

Chalk, Peter

doi:10.7249/rb7565

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty percent of the responding firms operate in the food industry. The food industry is generally recognized as being more vulnerable, less prepared to deal with a disruption, and more critical to the general population (Harl 2002;Chalk 2003;Voss et al 2009). The relationship between food firms and the effectiveness of supply chain security is expected to be negative, because food companies are more likely to recognize the vulnerability inherent in their supply chains and because the effects of a disruption may be more severe.…”

Section: Testing Propositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Antecedents to Supply Chain Security Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study

Martens

Crum

Poist

2011

Journal of Business Logistics

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In recent years there has been increasing emphasis on managing risk and security in supply chains. Despite this emphasis, there have been relatively few empirical studies dealing with this issue. In an attempt to partially address this lack of empirical research, the primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between security management practices and the perceived effectiveness of supply chain security. With a resource‐based view of the firm and supply chain integration as theoretical underpinnings, the study utilized survey data to test propositions derived from the security literature. Internal and external integration efforts, a nodal planning focus, and proactive motivations related to security measures were found to be positively related to security effectiveness. The article concludes with implications for security stakeholders including suggestions for future research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Propositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Antecedents to Supply Chain Security Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study

Martens

Crum

Poist

2011

Journal of Business Logistics

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“…The serious economic, social, public health and security impacts of a major animal disease outbreak, the inherent vulnerabilities of the livestock sector and perceived advantages of biological weapons compared to other weapons makes agro-terrorism appealing to ill-intended non-state actors (3,9,10). As potential biological weapons, animal pathogens can be easier to obtain, handle and be released with less expertise and technology compared to other unconventional weapons (9,10). Many biological agents are environmentally resistant and are not included in vaccine programs, making them attractive candidates as bioweapons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing resilience building: FAO’s Surveillance Evaluation Tool (SET) Biothreat Detection Module will help assess national capacities to detect agro-terrorism and agro-crime

Gioia¹,

Lamielle²,

Aguanno³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Attacks using animal pathogens can have devastating socioeconomic, public health and national security consequences. The livestock sector has some inherent vulnerabilities which put it at risk to the deliberate or accidental spread of disease. The growing concern of countries about the risks of agro-terrorism and agro-crime has led to efforts to prepare against potential attacks. One recent international effort is the launch of a joint OIE, FAO and INTERPOL project in 2019 to build resilience against agro-terrorism and agro-crime targeting animal health with the financial support of the Weapons Threat Reduction Programme of Global Affairs Canada. Given the importance of strong animal health surveillance systems for the early and effective response to agro-terrorism and agro-crime, the project uses the FAO Surveillance Evaluation Tool (SET) and its new Biothreat Detection Module to evaluate beneficiary countries’ capacities to detect criminal or terrorist animal health events. This paper presents the development of the new SET Biothreat Detection Module and how it will be used to evaluate surveillance for agro-terrorism and agro-crime animal threats. The module will be piloted in early 2021 and, once finalized, will be used by beneficiary countries of the joint OIE-FAO-INTERPOL project. Results from evaluations using SET and its Biothreat Detection Module are expected to provide a baseline from which countries can build targeted capacity for animal disease surveillance including early detection and investigation of potential terrorist or criminal events involving zoonotic and non-zoonotic animal pathogens.

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“…13 Simulation studies in the United States suggest that FMD would quickly spread beyond control once it is introduced. 14 The biological, economic, and political impacts of agroterrorism have generated international concern, 15 and since 2005, 4 International Symposia on Agroterrorism (ISA) have been organized. The fourth ISA took place in Kansas City in April 2011, and more than 1,000 individuals from 25 different counties have participated in past ISA meetings.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Animal agriculture is a vital part of the economy in many developed countries. According to Chalk, 15 there are at least 3 levels of costs associated with an agroterrorism attack: (1) direct losses resulting from containment measures and the destruction of diseased livestock; (2) compensation costs paid to farmers for the destruction of agricultural commodities and losses suffered by both directly and indirectly related industries; and (3) international costs in the form of protective trade embargoes imposed by major external trading partners. Table 1 gives an overview of direct and indirect costs involved in recent epidemics of notifiable animal diseases and shows that outbreaks of these animal diseases can have a devastating economic impact.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroterrorism Targeting Livestock: A Review with a Focus on Early Detection Systems

Elbers¹,

Knutsson²

2013

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, an

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Agroterrorism targeting livestock can be described as the intentional introduction of an animal disease agent against livestock with the purpose of causing economic damage, disrupting socioeconomic stability of a country, and creating panic and distress. This type of terrorism can be alluring to terrorists because animal disease agents are easily available. This review addresses the vulnerabilities of the livestock industry to agroterrorism. However, we also show that early detection systems have recently been developed for agroterrorism and deliberate spread of animal pathogens in livestock, including an agroterrorism intelligence cycle, syndromic surveillance programs, and computer-based clinical decision support systems that can be used for early detection of notifiable animal diseases. The development of DIVA-vaccines in the past 10 to 15 years has created, in principle, an excellent response instrument to counter intentional animal disease outbreaks. These developments have made our animal agriculture less vulnerable to agroterrorism. But we cannot relax; there are still many challenges, in particular with respect to integration of first line of defense, law enforcement, and early detection systems for animal diseases.

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Agroterrorism: What Is the Threat and What Can Be Done About It?

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Examining Antecedents to Supply Chain Security Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study

Examining Antecedents to Supply Chain Security Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study

Informing resilience building: FAO’s Surveillance Evaluation Tool (SET) Biothreat Detection Module will help assess national capacities to detect agro-terrorism and agro-crime

Agroterrorism Targeting Livestock: A Review with a Focus on Early Detection Systems

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