AI and Its New Winter: from Myths to Realities

Floridi, Luciano

doi:10.1007/s13347-020-00396-6

Cited by 95 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Lanzing, 2020;Sharon, 2020;Siffels, 2020) and pointed to the more complex social and ethical landscape underpinning the development and use of these technologies, raising concerns for instance, as to the social injustice aggravated by the deployment of contact-tracing apps, benefiting mainly those who are already better off (e.g. Floridi, 2020). Issues of transparent governance and public trust have equally been posited as significant elements of concern for policy and public discourse (Bengio et al, 2020;Couch et al, 2020;Lucivero et al, 2020), on a par with matters of feasibility and efficiency of this proposed technological intervention (Braithwaite et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative positions towards COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: findings from a large-scale qualitative study in nine European countries

Lucivero

Marelli

Hangel

et al. 2021

Critical Public Health

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Mobile applications for digital contact tracing have been developed and introduced around the world in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Proposed as a tool to support 'traditional' forms of contact-tracing carried out to monitor contagion, these apps have triggered an intense debate with respect to their legal and ethical permissibility, social desirability and general feasibility. Based on a large-scale study including qualitative data from 349 interviews conducted in nine European countries

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative positions towards COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: findings from a large-scale qualitative study in nine European countries

Lucivero

Marelli

Hangel

et al. 2021

Critical Public Health

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“…AI summers suffer from unrealistic expectations, but the winters bring an experience of disproportionate backlash and exaggerated disappointment. There was a severe winter in the late 1970s, and another in the 1980s and 1990s (Floridi 2020 ). Today, some are talking about another predictable winter (Nield 2019 ; Walch 2019 ; Schuchmann 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, some are talking about another predictable winter (Nield 2019 ; Walch 2019 ; Schuchmann 2019 ). Floridi ( 2020 ) suggests that we can learn important principles from these cycles. First is whether AI is going to replace previous activities as the car did with the buggy, diversify activities as the car did with the bicycle, or complement and expand them as the plane did with the car.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health

Bickman

2020

Adm Policy Ment Health

111

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This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on the potential contributions of artificial intelligence and precision mental health to improving mental health services. Toward that end, I draw upon my own research, which has changed over the last half century, to highlight the need to transform the way we conduct mental health services research. I identify exemplars from the emerging literature on artificial intelligence and precision approaches to treatment in which there is an attempt to personalize or fit the treatment to the client in order to produce more effective interventions. Keywords Mental health services • Artificial intelligence • Machine learning • Precision mental health • Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) • Precision medicine "AI will bring many wonders. It may also destabilize everything from nuclear détente to human friendships. We need to think much harder about how to adapt... it is changing human knowledge, perception and reality-and, in so doing, changing the course of human history. We seek to understand it and its consequences and encourage others across the disciplines to do the same."-Kissinger et al. 2019, pp. 24-26 "AI is one of the most profound things we're working on as humanity. It's more profound than fire or electricity."-Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai, in Thompson and Bodoni 2020. This article is part of a special issue, Festschrift for Leonard Bickman: The Future of Children's Mental Health Services.

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“…To sum up, there is a shared perception, one could even say a sense of hype, that the AI industry is just about to take off and hence some form of regulation or social control is immediately necessary. There is no consideration of the possibility that the development of AI may disappoint, especially in light of these elevated expectations (Floridi 2020). This does not mean that the progress of AI will stop, but it could mean that the overarching, society-transforming change that these AIGUs are tuned for is generations away.…”

Section: The Motivation Of Ai Ethics Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A criticism of AI ethics guidelines

Héder¹

2020

InfTars

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This paper investigates the current wave of Artificial Intelligence Ethics GUidelines (AIGUs). The goal is not to provide a broad survey of the details of such efforts; instead, the reasons for the proliferation of such guidelines is investigated. Two main research questions are pursued. First, what is the justification for the proliferation of AIGUs, and what are the reasonable goals and limitations of such projects? Second, what are the specific concerns of AI that are so unique that general technology regulation cannot cover them? The paper reveals that the development of AI guidelines is part of a decades-long trend of an ever-increasing express need for stronger social control of technology, and that many of the concerns of the AIGUs are not specific to the technology itself, but are rather about transparency and human oversight. Nevertheless, the positive potential of the situation is that the intense world-wide focus on AIGUs will yield such profound guidelines that the regulation of other technologies may want to follow suite.

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AI and Its New Winter: from Myths to Realities

Cited by 95 publications

References 7 publications

Normative positions towards COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: findings from a large-scale qualitative study in nine European countries

Normative positions towards COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: findings from a large-scale qualitative study in nine European countries

Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health

A criticism of AI ethics guidelines

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