AI for Cyberbiosecurity in Water Systems—A Survey

Sobien, Daniel; Yardimci, Mehmet; Nguyen, Minh N. H.; Mao, Wan-Yi; Fordham, Vinita; Rahman, Abdul; Duncan, Susan E.; Batarseh, Feras A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26034-6_13

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Kaufman et al (2023) demonstrate the interdisciplinarity potential by problematizing the cyberattack on the Oldsmar water utility in Florida, United States, in a teaching case that allows learners to tackle cyberbiosecurity through different but collaborative disciplinary lenses. From a more technical dimension, emphasizing the importance of deep learning, researchers are analyzing artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches for detecting advanced persistent threats (APT), where threat actors can launch attacks with little or no chance of being noticed, in water distribution systems (Kulkarni et al, 2023;Sikder et al, 2023;Sobien et al, 2023). The authors' in-depth study of deep learning algorithms and AI assurance reemphasize the multidimensional nature of cyberbiosecurity issues.…”

Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary or Transdisciplinary Edu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Landscape of Cyberbiosecurity for Integrative Educational Programming

Adeoye,

Batarseh,

Brown

et al. 2024

Journal of the ASABE

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Highlights Alignment of terminology and community building are crucial in cyberbiosecurity. Agriculture and life sciences in a digital age present unconventional challenges. Data and digital literacy are baseline skills for integrative cyberbiosecurity education programming. Cyberbiosecurity education framework offers a foundation for intentional, integrative programming efforts. Abstract. As an emerging and interdisciplinary field at the nexus of digital technologies and agriculture and life sciences (ALS), the integration of cyberbiosecurity education for professional training and skills development remains challenging. Educational practices and related workforce development efforts associated with cyberbiosecurity may be best generalized as pseudo-shadow education, occurring outside standardized practice and lacking known ‘best practice’ to mimic. The current state of cyberbiosecurity education reflects a lack of sequenced and developed knowledge, values, judgments, and ways of thinking, which serve as windows into the underlying cultures of a disciplinary field. Coupled with this gap, the continuous deployment and convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) within ALS creates new vulnerabilities that are unfamiliar to the workforce. These vulnerabilities expose critical ALS infrastructures to cyber-attacks and terrorism and hold significant consequences for the bioeconomy. Securing the bioeconomy and preventing negative multiplier effects in other related sectors depend on adequate cyberbiosecurity education programming and workforce development. This exploratory report of current realities and future prospects provides insights into integrative cyberbiosecurity education programming for workforce development. The study explicates underlying concerns to be addressed in developing integrative cyberbiosecurity education for professionals in agriculture and life sciences and suggests an expandable framework to facilitate workforce development programming. Concerns to address regarding the creation of educational programming in cyberbiosecurity include alignment in definition, cross-boundary community building, the peculiar dynamics of the cyberbiosecurity threat landscape, and baseline requirements for cyberbiosecurity education and practice. Keywords: Agriculture and life sciences, Bioeconomy, Cyberbiosecurity, Education and workforce development, Threat landscape.

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Section: Multidisciplinary Interdisciplinary or Transdisciplinary Edu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Landscape of Cyberbiosecurity for Integrative Educational Programming

Adeoye,

Batarseh,

Brown

et al. 2024

Journal of the ASABE

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“…Given the growing body of knowledge in the field and the continuous automation of agricultural and biological systems, the relevance of cyberbiosecurity is unquestionable (Sinha & Dhanalakshmi, 2022;Sobien et al, 2023;Stephen et al, 2023). However, educational opportunities to prepare professionals for the future of work in cyberbiosecurity remain scarce (Adeoye et al, 2023;.…”

Section: Overlapping Functions and Domains Of Cyberbiosecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, as technological advances have improved operational processes in agriculture, the workforce increasingly interacts with cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things (IoTs) (Chi et al, 2017;Drape & Murch, 2022;Freyhof et al, 2022;Jung et al, 2021;Monteiro & Borata, 2021;Ramirez-Asis et al, 2022;Subeesh & Mehta, 2021). The life sciences' conventional approaches to biosafety and biosecurity are insufficient for protecting against emerging cyber risks (Berger & Schneck, 2019;Duncan et al, 2019;Sobien et al, 2023). Moreover, conventional approaches to cybersecurity are insufficient for protecting against emergent threats to human health and biological life (Murch et al, 2018;Pauwels, 2021;Titus et al, 2023;Walsh, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyberbiosecurity Workforce Preparation

Adeoye,

Lindberg,

Bagby

et al. 2024

nactaj

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Cyberbiosecurity is an emerging field at the convergence of life sciences and the digital world. As technological advances improve operational processes and expose them to vulnerabilities in agriculture and life sciences, cyberbiosecurity has become increasingly important for addressing contemporary concerns. Unfortunately, at this time, educational opportunities for cyberbiosecurity workforce preparation are limited. Stakeholders’ perceptions may help guide cyberbiosecurity workforce preparation efforts and bridge the gap from the classroom to the field. Toward this end, we identified stakeholders in education, private industry, and state agencies in Virginia and sought their input through both an online survey and focus groups. Findings suggest limited awareness and understanding of cyberbiosecurity. Results indicate that both formal and non-formal learning components—including short modules and comprehensive standalone courses—are important for cyberbiosecurity education programming. Stakeholders tied potential success of education programming to systems thinking and collaborative designs. Moreover, results reveal insights into concerns at the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), which is central to effective workforce preparation for today’s agriculture and life sciences professionals. Continuous interdisciplinary collaboration and academia-industry partnerships will be critical for developing robust cyberbiosecurity education and securing the future of agriculture.

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“…Ajadi et al (2016) noted that the exceeded value of pH, iron, zinc, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate poses a health risk to people receiving this water for domestic use. Wastewater processing is also an important step in providing clean water for farming and agricultural use, ensuring safe and connected water and food supply chains (Sobien et al, 2023). For example, exceeded values of toxic metals in the water can affect the soil's chemical parameters and could affect the quality of the rice (Afrad et al, 2020;Ladwani Kiran et al, 2012).…”

Section: Background: Violations and Enforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying water effluent violations and enforcement impacts using causal AI

Wang,

Sobien,

Kulkarni

et al. 2024

Policy & Internet

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In the landscape of environmental governance, controlling water pollution through the regulation of point sources is vital as it preserves ecosystems, protects human health, ensures legal compliance, and fulfills global environmental responsibilities. Under the Clean Water Act, the integrated compliance information system monitors the compliance and enforcement status of facilities regulated by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. This study assesses temporal and geographic trends for effluent violations within the United States and introduces a novel metric for quantifying violation trends at the facility level. Furthermore, we utilize a linear parametric approach for Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) causal analysis to quantify the heterogeneous effects of EPA and state enforcement actions on effluent violation trends at facilities with NPDES permits. Our research reveals insights into national pollutant discharge trends, regional clustering of all pollutant violation types in Ohio ( Z‐score of 2.15), and priority pollutants in West Virginia ( Z‐score of 3.07). The trend metric identifies regulated facilities that struggle with severe and recurring violations. The causal model highlights variations in state compliance and enforcement effectiveness, underscoring the successful moderation of violation trends by states such as Montana and Maryland, among others.

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AI for Cyberbiosecurity in Water Systems—A Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 228 publications

Understanding the Landscape of Cyberbiosecurity for Integrative Educational Programming

Understanding the Landscape of Cyberbiosecurity for Integrative Educational Programming

Cyberbiosecurity Workforce Preparation

Quantifying water effluent violations and enforcement impacts using causal AI

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