Ainsworth &amp; Bisby's "Dictionary of the Fungi"

Ainsworth, G. C.

doi:10.2307/1219250

Cited by 88 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Although the option was available to designate IMI 41297 (a herbarium specimen) from cacao husks in Ghana as epitype, we chose to designate as epitype a dried specimen of a living culture from which DNA could be obtained, originating also from cacao husks but from Cameroon. Ainsworth and Bisby (1943) listed Stilbochalara as a synonym of Thielaviopsis, based on study of the holotype of its type species, Stilbochalara dimorpha (Ferdinandsen and Winge 1910). This specimen, previously stored in Museum Botanicum Hauniense, was obtained for the present study from the Natural History Museum of Denmark.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering species boundaries in theCeratocystis paradoxacomplex, including a new species from oil palm and cacao in Cameroon

Mbenoun¹,

Beer²,

Wingfield

et al. 2014

Mycologia

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Abstract:The Ceratocystis paradoxa complex accommodates a group of fungal pathogens that have become specialized to infect mostly monocotyledonous plants. Four species currently are recognized in this group, including C. paradoxa, which has a widespread distribution and broad host range. In this study, multigene phylogenetic analyses involving sequences of the ITS, b-tubulin and TEF-1a gene loci, in combination with phenotypic and mating studies, were used to characterize purported C. paradoxa isolates from Cameroon and to compare them with isolates from elsewhere, including protologs and type specimens of known species. We show that the C. paradoxa complex comprises substantially greater species diversity than previously recognized. One new species in this group is described from Cameroon as Ceratocystis cerberus, while C. paradoxa sensu stricto (s. str.) and four other species are redefined. Lectotypes are designated for C. ethacetica and Endoconidium fragrans (synonym of C. ethacetica), while epitypes are designated for C. paradoxa s. str., C. ethacetica and C. musarum. A neotype is designated for Catenularia echinata (synonym of C. ethacetica) and two species, previously treated in Thielaviopsis, are transferred to Ceratocystis.

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Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering species boundaries in theCeratocystis paradoxacomplex, including a new species from oil palm and cacao in Cameroon

Mbenoun¹,

Beer²,

Wingfield

et al. 2014

Mycologia

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“…However, fungi exhibit great diversity in morphology, ecology, and lifecycles (Alexopoulos et al 1996;Ainsworth et al 2008). Morphologically, fungi can range from microscopic single-celled yeasts to filamentous molds and macroscopic multicellular mushrooms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecologically, they can be found in every habitable niche on Earth, from the bottom of oceans to the stratosphere, from the equator to the Arctic and Antarctic regions, and from rivers and lakes to deserts. Reproductively, they can propagate both asexually and (or) sexually in a variety of structures such as conidiophores and mushroom fruiting bodies, often producing sexual and (or) asexual spores that can survive extreme environmental stresses and disperse long distances (Alexopoulos et al 1996;Ainsworth et al 2008;Xu 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal DNA barcoding

2016

Genome

213

149

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Fungi are ubiquitous in both natural and human-made environments. They play important roles in the health of plants, animals, and humans, and in broad ecosystem functions. Thus, having an efficient species-level identification system could significantly enhance our ability to treat fungal diseases and to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of fungal distributions and migrations. DNA barcoding is a potent approach for rapid identification of fungal specimens, generating novel species hypothesis, and guiding biodiversity and ecological studies. In this mini-review, I briefly summarize (i) the history of DNA sequence-based fungal identification; (ii) the emergence of the ITS region as the consensus primary fungal barcode; (iii) the use of the ITS barcodes to address a variety of issues on fungal diversity from local to global scales, including generating a large number of species hypothesis; and (iv) the problems with the ITS barcode region and the approaches to overcome these problems. Similar to DNA barcoding research on plants and animals, significant progress has been achieved over the last few years in terms of both the questions being addressed and the foundations being laid for future research endeavors. However, significant challenges remain. I suggest three broad areas of research to enhance the usefulness of fungal DNA barcoding to meet the current and future challenges: (i) develop a common set of primers and technologies that allow the amplification and sequencing of all fungi at both the primary and secondary barcode loci; (ii) compile a centralized reference database that includes all recognized fungal species as well as species hypothesis, and allows regular updates from the research community; and (iii) establish a consensus set of new species recognition criteria based on barcode DNA sequences that can be applied across the fungal kingdom.Key words: ITS, secondary barcode, herbarium, metabarcoding, operational taxonomic unit. Résumé :Les champignons sont présents partout, tant dans les environnements naturels qu'anthropisés. Ils jouent des rôles importants dans la santé des plantes, des animaux et des humains de même que dans les écosystèmes. Ainsi, la disponibilité d'un système efficace d'identification des espèces pourrait grandement augmenter la capacité de traiter les maladies fongiques et de surveiller les variations spatiales et temporelles dans la distribution et la migration des champignons. Le codage à barres de l'ADN est une approche potentiellement puissante pour l'identification rapide de spécimens fongiques, permettant d'identifier de nouvelles espèces et guidant les études sur la biodiversité et les écosystèmes. Dans cette mini-synthèse, l'auteur résume brièvement (i) l'histoire de l'identification des champignons sur la base de séquences d'ADN; (ii) l'émergence de la région ITS en tant que code à barre fongique primaire consensuel; (iii) l'emploi des codes à barres ITS pour étudier nombre de questions sur la diversité des champignons de l'échelle locale à globale, inc...

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“…There is a large number of macrofungi in the world. Out of the approximately 100,000 described fungal species, an estimated 6000 can produce visible fruiting bodies and sclerotia (Ainsworth 2008). Macrofungi may live saprophytic, parasitic, and/or symbiotic lifestyles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, population genetics, and evolution of macrofungi associated with animals

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Mycology

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Macrofungi refers to all fungi that produce visible fruiting bodies. These fungi are evolutionarily and ecologically very divergent. Evolutionarily, they belong to two main phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and many of them have relatives that cannot form visible fruiting bodies. Ecologically, macrofungi can be associated with dead organic matter, plants, and animals. Here we review our current understanding of population structure and biogeography of macrofungi associated with animals. Their interactions, functions, and patterns of coevolution are described and discussed. Our focus is on studies using molecular markers. Our analyses suggest that the types of fungi–animal associations play an important role in the structure of these animal-associated fungal populations.

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Ainsworth & Bisby's "Dictionary of the Fungi"

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Reconsidering species boundaries in theCeratocystis paradoxacomplex, including a new species from oil palm and cacao in Cameroon

Reconsidering species boundaries in theCeratocystis paradoxacomplex, including a new species from oil palm and cacao in Cameroon

Fungal DNA barcoding

Diversity, population genetics, and evolution of macrofungi associated with animals

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