Air Conditioning System Sizing for Pure Electric Vehicle

Abstract

Emission standards have grown increasingly stricter, consequently triggering greater interest in issues surrounding environmental pollution. The customer needs for green car without toxic exhaust gas has also become natural and it is represented by pure EV (Electric Vehicle). However, the driving range of EV suffers from A/C (Air Conditioning) for occupant comfort especially in very hot or cold weather. Therefore, the sizing of A/C system is more important than the case of conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Specifically, EV consumes electric power of battery pack in order to control the comfortability of passenger compartment due to not only the absence of engine heat rejection for interior heating, but no working power of compressor from engine for interior cooling. Therefore, energy consumption for cabin cooling/heating must be optimized for the energy efficiency of EV. In this paper, we concentrate on the refrigerating system sizing because indoor air temperature in hot weather is more sensitive to passenger's thermal comfort.

Modelling and Co-simulation of hybrid vehicles: A thermal management perspective

“…This issue is compounded in fully electric vehicles which are already subjected to constraints on the available stored energy. For example, in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), the load generated by the HVAC system can significantly affect the vehicle's range [93,94].…”

Investigating the potential energy savings of MVHR in automotive HVAC systems

“…When comparing the literature, the mean average range reductions found were 45.9% and 16% for heating and cooling respectively; with a standard deviation (heating) of 5.5% 18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28] showing high confidence in the range reduction values. The dominant solution for reducing HVAC consumption is currently heat pumps.…”

“…A solution to extend range and improve range consistency without enlarging or developing the battery involves minimising auxiliary loads. HVAC systems are the greatest auxiliary load in EVs and significantly impact battery longevity and range [17][18][19] ; hence, substantial savings can be made by improving HVAC efficiency.…”

Energy consumption of mobile air-conditioning systems in electrified vehicles under different ambient temperatures

“…18,19 For example, using auxiliary systems under certain circumstances may reduce vehicle range, for example, the mobile air conditioner (MAC), one of the largest power consumers. 20 Differently from conventional ICE vehicles, in which the A/C compressor is driven as an engine accessory and wasted heat can be recovered for cabin conditioning, the energy consumption from the heating, venting and conditioning (HVAC) system significantly influences the fuel economy and the driving range of BEVs and PHEVs. 21 Especially in very low-temperature conditions, BEVs are seriously affected by using high-voltage positive thermal coefficient (HV-PTC) resistive heaters to heat the cabin and the powertrain fluids.…”