2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.149
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Air Pockets Trapped During Routine Coupling in Dry Head Lithotripsy Can Significantly Decrease the Delivery of Shock Wave Energy

Abstract: These in vitro results suggest that coupling in lithotripsy can pose a significant barrier to the transmission of shock wave energy to the patient. Stone breakage was sensitive to air pockets at the coupling interface. Recoupling was particularly disruptive, suggesting that repositioning the patient could substantially degrade coupling quality. It seems reasonable that variability in the quality of coupling could contribute to variability in clinical outcomes.

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Cited by 102 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…The treatment head of the lithotripter was coupled to the test tank through a Mylar membrane as previously described. 7 The majority of experiments were performed in non-degassed tap water. The dissolved oxygen content was measured using an YSI DO200 oxygen meter (YSI, Inc., Yellow Springs, OH) and was at about 8 ppm or near 100% of saturation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The treatment head of the lithotripter was coupled to the test tank through a Mylar membrane as previously described. 7 The majority of experiments were performed in non-degassed tap water. The dissolved oxygen content was measured using an YSI DO200 oxygen meter (YSI, Inc., Yellow Springs, OH) and was at about 8 ppm or near 100% of saturation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 100 lm glass fiber tip of the hydrophone was positioned at the focus (F) of the lithotripter 7 and is faintly visible in camcorder images. The temporal profile of a lithotripter pulse consisted of a $2 ls leading positive-pressure phase followed by a $5 ls negative-pressure phase and trailing residual oscillations.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has negatively impacted the outcome as air bubbles that form within the medium dampen the energy and reduce the impact on the stone. Efficacy can be reduced by as much as 40% with the presence of as few as 2% of air pockets [38] . Avoiding patient movement or repositioning during the procedure will lessen the impact of this effect minimizing the number of air pockets created.…”
Section: Treatment Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…De-coupling and re-coupling, which may occur during the repositioning of a patient during SWL, can generate large volume air pockets in the coupling medium. Such air pockets can have a dramatic effect on treatment efficacy: air pockets of just 2% of the coupling interface reduce breakage by 20-40% [Neucks et al 2008;Pishchalnikov et al 2006]. Although there is no way to monitor coupling during treatment, simple steps can minimize the likelihood of air pockets developing.…”
Section: Technical Factorsmentioning
confidence: 99%