Air pollution and cause specific mortality in Athens.

Katsouyanni, Klea; Karakatsani, Anna; Messari, Ioanna; Touloumi, Giota; Hatzakis, A; Kalandidi, Anna; Trichopoulos, D

doi:10.1136/jech.44.4.321

Cited by 73 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, several studies have not looked for lags of longer than 2 days. In a similar study, we observed earlier that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, but not total suspended particulates or ozone, were associated with hospital admissions due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema in Helsinki.34 When sulfur dioxide was high, a significant peak of admissions was observed during the same day, but the strongest effect of nitrogen dioxide was delayed; after a small initial peak with a 1-to 3-day lag, it reached a second, statistically significant peak after 6 days. This may reflect a dual mechanism of the effect of pollutants.…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

Low-level air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases in Helsinki.

Pönkä

Virtanen²

1996

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether low concentrations of ambient air pollutants are associated with hospital admissions for ischemic cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS: Associations between daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulates and daily hospital admissions due to ischemic cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases were studied in Helsinki, Finland, 1987 through 1989. The regression analyses controlled for weather, day of the week, season, long-term trends, and influenza epidemics. RESULTS: Admissions via emergency rooms due to ischemic cardiac diseases (n = 7005) were significantly associated with the prevailing levels of nitric oxide and ozone, and those due to cerebrovascular diseases (n = 3737) were associated with nitrogen dioxide; these levels were only moderate. Long-term transient myocardial ischemic attacks were related to particulates, and short-term ischemic attacks were related to nitrogen dioxide. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of ischemic cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases may be provoked by pollutants in concentrations lower than those given as guidelines in many countries and lower than previously shown.

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supporting

confidence: 51%

Low-level air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases in Helsinki.

Pönkä

Virtanen²

1996

Am J Public Health

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“…In fact, many epidemiological studies demonstrated that air pollutants, like particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides are related to acute and chronic respiratory effects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], a decrease in pulmonary function [12][13][14][15], an increase in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and from lung cancer [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. An excellent reanalysis of time-series studies on air pollution and health was recently published by the Health Effects Institute [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheezing and lung function measured in subjects exposed to various levels of fine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

et al. 2007

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AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence of wheezing and lung function in non-smoking women exposed to various levels of fine particulate matter(FP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Out of the total study group, 152 women were included in the lower exposed group (PM2.5 ≤34.3μg/m3 or PAHs ≤ 22.9ng/ m3) and 96 persons in higher concentrations of both air pollutants (PM2.5>34.3μg/m3 and PAHs > 22.9ng/ m3). Except for FVC and FEV1, all lung forced ventilatory flows (PEFR, FEF25% FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25−75%) were significantly lower in the higher exposed group. The findings suggest bronchoconstriction within the respiratory tract, which may be related to the exposure under study. This was consistent with a higher prevalence of wheezing in more exposed subjects. It was shown that higher levels of both pollutants increased the risk of wheezing by factor 5.6 (95% CI: 1.77–17.8) after accounting for potential confounders such as allergic diseases and exposure to ETS. This study suggests that pollutants in question may have the capacity to promote broncho-constriction and asthmatic symptoms, possibly by bronchial inflammation resulting from the exposure.

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“…The ®nding of more pronounced eects on CVD mortality or possibly combined mortality from CVD or respiratory diseases con®rms the results of numerous investigations into cause-speci®c mortality [19,20,21] but are not fully in agreement with recently published data from the highly polluted North Bohemia region [4] where respiratory and CVD daily mortality were not always signi®cantly associated with air pollution, especially in people over 65 of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Mortality during winter smog episodes 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1993 in the Czech Republic

Braniš

2001

IAOEH

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Most of the results are consistent with other studies aimed at episodic air pollution during the 1950s and 1960s in Western Europe and the USA, in which outdoor air pollution was shown to be a significant predictor of mortality. However, non-significant or opposite associations between air pollution and mortality indicate that other factors may also play an important role. A stronger effect on men under 65 years of age, suggested by a previous Czech study was not confirmed.

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Air pollution and cause specific mortality in Athens.

Abstract: Study objective-The aim was to investigate the reported association between air pollution and cause specific mortaity in the city of Athens.

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Low-level air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases in Helsinki.

Low-level air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases in Helsinki.

Wheezing and lung function measured in subjects exposed to various levels of fine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Mortality during winter smog episodes 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1993 in the Czech Republic

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