Air pollution and seasonal asthma during the pollen season. A cohort study in Puertollano and Ciudad Real (Spain)

Abstract

The air pollution levels in Puertollano were associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms in pollen-allergic asthmatic patients com pared with a similar group from Ciudad Real.

Air pollution and emergency admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases in Lisbon (Portugal)

“…24 Short time effects were also observed in Puertollano and Ciudad Real, Spain. 64 A negative, but statistically significant, effect of ozone at a 2-day lag was observed on the respiratory health of children and elderly people. A slightly negative, but significant, association was also established between previous day ozone levels and all circulatory and cardiac outcomes for all three age groups.…”

“…In Lisbon, repercussion on respiratory diseases among children occurred with delay of only 1-day, which could be explained by the direct effect of SO 2 on the smooth muscle or via sensory afferent nerve fibres that cause reflex bronchoconstriction. 64 In addition, SO 2 reacts with other chemicals in the air to form tiny sulphate particles. When these are breathed, they gather in the lungs and are associated with increased respiratory symptoms and with a decrease in the ability of the lungs to clear foreign particles and bacteria.…”

“…Several investigations have shown that high concentrations of ozone are harmful to some people and have shown a positive association between O 3 and hospital admissions. 5,16,23,29,32,48,64 However, some published studies found that, sometimes at low ambient O 3 levels, the relationship between various measures of morbidity and ozone concentration has a negative slope, that is, low levels of ozone appear to be more harmful than moderate values. [65][66][67] Revising the literature, Ritchie and Lenen 66 refer that no statistically significant effect for O 3 and various respiratory conditions was reported in studies undertaken in Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Mexico, southern Ontario, Seattle, Sidney, St. John (New Brunswick), and Vancouver.…”

Allergotoxicology: Research of Pollutant Influence on the Development of Allergic Reactions

“…Studija je pokazala značajno veću učestalost polenoze uzrokovane peludom japanskog cedra u populaciji koja stanuje blizu autocesta nego u stanovnika sela okruženog šumom cedra, ali daleko od velikih prometnica i gradova. Nedavno objavljeni rezultati istraživanja odnosa aktualne razine polutanata (SO 2 , NO 2 , PM 10 , O 3 ), peluda u zraku i dnevnih simptoma astme u osoba senzibiliziranih na pelud, pokazali su značajno češću pojavu simptoma astme u području gdje su izmjerene koncentracije polutanata bile više nego u podučju gdje su bile niže (55). Djeca s pozitivnim kožnim testom na opće alergene i bronhalnom hiperreaktivnošću koja pohađaju školu blizu cesta s jakim kamionskim prometom imaju značajno više respiratornih simptoma od djece istih obilježja koja pohađaju školu uz ceste sa slabim kamionskim prometom (56,57).…”

Condições Climáticas E O Risco De Exacerbação Da Asma

“…A poluição do ar é um dos fatores ambientais que podem estar envolvidos na patogênese da doença, mas os efeitos dos poluentes sobre a saúde parecem de acordo com variações dependentes da concentração no tempo, do tamanho de partícula e da natureza dos poluentes 6,7 . Entre os diversos poluentes do ar, tem-se o ozônio (O 3 ) que varia muito durante o dia.…”