Air pollution and the 1974–1975 influenza epidemic in Sofia

Kalpazanov, Y.; Stamenova, M; Kurchatova, G

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(76)90002-5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the same time, the meteorological conditions are directly and indirectly related to the spreading of diseases (pests). More and more studies from different scientific fields reveal that the epidemiology of hazardous diseases depends mostly on the atmospheric parameters (e.g., temperature, humidity, rainfall) as they determine the staying of people indoors (for their heating or cooling) as well as the viability of pathogens on surfaces [51][52][53][54][55]. In times when medical science had not been developed, and therefore effective action in the absence of vaccines and effective drugs was impossible, public health was clearly exposed to the meteorological conditions [1,9,49].…”

Section: The Agro-meteorological Conditions In the Famine Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe

Charalampopoulos

Droulia

2020

Climate

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Throughout history, food adequacy has been one of the most critical parameters for the survival of human societies. The prevailing atmospheric conditions have always been recognised as the primary and most uncontrolled factors that determine crop production, both quantitatively and qualitatively. However, this is only a part of the effects chain. In order to assess the magnitude of the potential cultural impacts of weather changes in a region, it is crucial to comprehend the underlying mechanism of successive consequences that relate the proximate causes, which in our case are the adverse Agro-Meteorological Conditions (AMC), to their effects on society. The present study focuses on the analysis of the impacts’ mechanism on human societies. Moreover, several characteristic agro-meteorological events that have led to significant changes in European civilisation are presented as case studies. The results highlight the linkage between weather and its impact on history evolution based on Agro-Meteorological Famine (AMF). The proposed concept and its analysis by the schematic presentation are in corroboration with the documented historical events of European history. Moreover, the presented connections between weather, agricultural production, and society revealed the significant contribution of the short-term adverse weather conditions on the mechanism of the human civilisation evolution.

show abstract

Section: The Agro-meteorological Conditions In the Famine Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe

Charalampopoulos

Droulia

2020

Climate

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exposure to air pollutants, which produce free radicals, can lead to mucosal irritation of the airways and mechanical damage, affecting mucus clearance by cilia and reducing an individual's resistance to viral infections, such as influenza (12). Epidemiological evidence also suggests that short or long-term exposure to air pollutants significantly increases the risk of influenza morbidity and mortality (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Different pollutants have different health effects on the population (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza incidence and air pollution: Findings from a four-year surveillance study of prefecture-level cities in China

Wang

Zhang

Song

2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundInfluenza is a serious public health problem, and its prevalence and spread show significant spatiotemporal characteristics. Previous studies have found that air pollutants are linked to an increased risk of influenza. However, the mechanism of influence and the degree of their association have not been determined. This study aimed to determine the influence of the air environment on the spatiotemporal distribution of influenza.MethodsThe kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic were used to analyze the spatial distribution of the influenza incidence and air pollutants in China. A simple analysis of the correlation between influenza and air pollutants was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. A linear regression analysis was performed to examine changes in the influenza incidence in response to air pollutants. The sensitivity of the influenza incidence to changes in air pollutants was evaluated by performing a gray correlation analysis. Lastly, the entropy weight method was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each method and thus the comprehensive sensitivity of influenza incidence to six pollution elements.ResultsThe results of the sensitivity analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficients showed the following ranking of the contributions of the air pollutants to the influenza incidence in descending order: SO2 >NO2 >CO> PM2.5 >O3 >PM10. The sensitivity results obtained from the linear regression analysis revealed the following ranking: CO>NO2 >SO2 >O3 >PM2.5 >PM10. Lastly, the sensitivity results obtained from the gray correlation analysis showed the following ranking: NO2 >CO>PM10 >PM2.5 >SO2 >O3. According to the sensitivity score, the study area can be divided into hypersensitive, medium-sensitive, and low-sensitive areas.ConclusionThe influenza incidence showed a strong spatial correlation and associated sensitivity to changes in concentrations of air pollutants. Hypersensitive areas were mainly located in the southeastern part of northeastern China, the coastal areas of the Yellow River Basin, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, and the Yangtze River Delta. The influenza incidence was most sensitive to CO, NO2, and SO2, with the occurrence of influenza being most likely in areas with elevated concentrations of these three pollutants. Therefore, the formulation of targeted influenza prevention and control strategies tailored for hypersensitive, medium-sensitive, low-sensitive, and insensitive areas are urgently needed.

show abstract

Evaluation of effects of ozone exposure on influenza infection in mice using several indicators of susceptibility*1

Selgrade

1988

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution and the 1974–1975 influenza epidemic in Sofia

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe

The Agro-Meteorological Caused Famines as an Evolutionary Factor in the Formation of Civilisation and History: Representative Cases in Europe

Influenza incidence and air pollution: Findings from a four-year surveillance study of prefecture-level cities in China

Evaluation of effects of ozone exposure on influenza infection in mice using several indicators of susceptibility*1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About