Air pollution exposure induces a decrease in type II interferon response: A paired cohort study

Allouche, Jonathan; Crémoni, Marion; Brglez, Vesna; Graça, Daisy; Benzaken, Sylvia; Zorzi, Kevin; Fernandez, Céline; Esnault, Vincent; Levraut, Michaël; Oppo, Sonia; Jacquinot, Morgan; Armengaud, Alexandre; Pradier, Christian; Bailly, Laurent; Seitz-Polski, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104291

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…If this hypothesis is further validated, it is likely the association between air pollution and severe COVID-19 could be driven mainly by other mechanisms than by increasing the overall population risk due to chronic comorbidities. Exposure to air pollution may also be related to changes in immune defenses that are key to mitigating SARS-CoV-2, such as a decrease in type II interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 and antibody response 15 , 24 . All of these hypothesized mechanisms would result in a population susceptible to severe COVID-19; however, further studies are needed to understand the main biological pathways involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to air pollution and severe COVID-19 in Catalonia: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2023

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The association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and severe COVID-19 is uncertain. We followed 4,660,502 adults from the general population in 2020 in Catalonia, Spain. Cox proportional models were fit to evaluate the association between annual averages of PM2.5, NO2, BC, and O3 at each participant’s residential address and severe COVID-19. Higher exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, ICU admission, death, and hospital length of stay. An increase of 3.2 µg/m3 of PM2.5 was associated with a 19% (95% CI, 16–21) increase in hospitalizations. An increase of 16.1 µg/m3 of NO2 was associated with a 42% (95% CI, 30–55) increase in ICU admissions. An increase of 0.7 µg/m3 of BC was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 0–13) increase in deaths. O3 was positively associated with severe outcomes when adjusted by NO2. Our study contributes robust evidence that long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with severe COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to air pollution and severe COVID-19 in Catalonia: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2023

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“…Pollutants can stimulate the epithelium and macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines [ 65 ]. Another study also found that exposure to heavy NO 2 and PM 10 pollution resulted in a weakened type II interferon response, with the decrease in the Th1 pathway indicating impaired antiviral cellular effects [ 67 ]. In addition, epigenetic and transcriptome analysis also revealed alteration in gene expression and DNA methylation caused by exposure to NO 2 , NO x , and PM 2.5 , though conflicting evidence existed in their effects on circulating markers of inflammation [ 68 – 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of socioeconomic status with infectious diseases mediated by lifestyle, environmental pollution and chronic comorbidities: a comprehensive evaluation based on UK Biobank

Wang

Zou

et al. 2023

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Socioeconomic status (SES) inequity was recognized as a driver of some certain infectious diseases. However, few studies evaluated the association between SES and the burden of overall infections, and even fewer identified preventable mediators. This study aimed to assess the association between SES and overall infectious diseases burden, and the potential roles of factors including lifestyle, environmental pollution, chronic disease history. Methods We included 401,009 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) and defined the infection status for each participant according to their diagnosis records. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to define SES for each participant. We further defined healthy lifestyle score, environment pollution score (EPS) and four types of chronic comorbidities. We used multivariate logistic regression to test the associations between the four above covariates and infectious diseases. Then, we performed the mediation and interaction analysis to explain the relationships between SES and other variables on infectious diseases. Finally, we employed seven types of sensitivity analyses, including considering the Townsend deprivation index as an area level SES variable, repeating our main analysis for some individual or composite factors and in some subgroups, as well as in an external data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, to verify the main results. Results In UKB, 60,771 (15.2%) participants were diagnosed with infectious diseases during follow-up. Lower SES [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5570] were associated with higher risk of overall infections. Lifestyle score mediated 2.9% of effects from SES, which ranged from 2.9 to 4.0% in different infection subtypes, while cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediated a proportion of 6.2% with a range from 2.1 to 6.8%. In addition, SES showed significant negative interaction with lifestyle score (OR = 0.8650) and a history of cancer (OR = 0.9096), while a significant synergy interaction was observed between SES and EPS (OR = 1.0024). In subgroup analysis, we found that males and African (AFR) with lower SES showed much higher infection risk. Results from sensitivity and validation analyses showed relative consistent with the main analysis. Conclusions Low SES is shown to be an important risk factor for infectious disease, part of which may be mediated by poor lifestyle and chronic comorbidities. Efforts to enhance health education and improve the quality of living environment may help reduce burden of infectious disease, especially for people with low SES.

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“…Heatwaves and droughts exacerbate the spread of wildfires, resulting in widespread elevations in levels of particulate matter (PM), which can exacerbate damage to lung function and/or pre-existing respiratory illnesses like COPD and asthma. 59 , 60 A time-stratified case-crossover study in China showed that the risk of acute upper respiratory infections increased by 30% during heatwaves. 56 Other studies reported exacerbation of pre-existing respiratory illnesses and increased host susceptibility to VRIs resulting from synergistic effects of compound exposures to aggravated air pollution, heatwaves, wildfire, and droughts.…”

Section: Extreme Weather Events Climate Anomalies and Outbreaks Of Vrismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reduces airway responsiveness to harmful stimuli and weakened clearance, exacerbating the damage to lung function. 59 , 60 …”

Section: Potential Mechanistic Pathways Linking Climate Change To Vrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic

Liu

Jia

et al. 2023

eBioMedicine

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Air pollution exposure induces a decrease in type II interferon response: A paired cohort study

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Long-term exposure to air pollution and severe COVID-19 in Catalonia: a population-based cohort study

Long-term exposure to air pollution and severe COVID-19 in Catalonia: a population-based cohort study

Associations of socioeconomic status with infectious diseases mediated by lifestyle, environmental pollution and chronic comorbidities: a comprehensive evaluation based on UK Biobank

Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic

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