Air Pollution Profiles and Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds above a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Taiwan

Widiana, Dika Rahayu; Wang, Ya-Fen; You, Sheng‐Jie; Yang, Hsi-Hsien; Wang, Lin‐Chi; Tsai, Jung-Hsuan; Chen, Home-Ming

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2018.11.0408

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Third, the PM-VOC data gap, associated with site-outgassed VOCs, should be remedied because VOC-risk-data studies are feasible. For years, scientists have quantitatively assessed the increased human-health and smog risks associated with PM-and-adhering-VOCs [148][149][150][151][152][153][154].…”

Section: Airborne-exposure Data Gaps Especially For Particulate-metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

Shrader‐Frechette

Biondo

2020

IJERPH

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Nearly 25 percent of US children live within 2 km of toxic-waste sites, most of which are in urban areas. They face higher rates of cancer than adults, partly because the dominant contaminants at most US hazardous-waste sites include genotoxic carcinogens, like trichloroethylene, that are much more harmful to children. The purpose of this article is to help protect the public, especially children, from these threats and to improve toxics-remediation by beginning to test our hypothesis: If site-remediation assessments fail data-usability evaluation (DUE), they likely compromise later cleanups and public health, especially children’s health. To begin hypothesis-testing, we perform a focused DUE for an unremediated, Pasadena, California toxic site. Our DUE methods are (a) comparing project-specific, remediation-assessment data with the remediation-assessment conceptual site model (CSM), in order to identify data gaps, and (b) using data-gap directionality to assess possible determinate bias (whether reported toxics risks are lower/higher than true values). Our results reveal (1) major CSM data gaps, particularly regarding Pasadena-toxic-site risks to children; (2) determinate bias, namely, risk underestimation; thus (3) likely inadequate remediation. Our discussion shows that if these results are generalizable, requiring routine, independent, DUEs might deter flawed toxic-site assessment/cleanup and resulting health threats, especially to children.

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Section: Airborne-exposure Data Gaps Especially For Particulate-metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

Shrader‐Frechette

Biondo

2020

IJERPH

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

Yang

Gupta

Dhital

2020

Preprint

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Manufacturing industries are one of the important emission sectors of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOC emission factors, relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) and relative carcinogenic risk (RCR) were estimated for some important manufacturing industries (n = 13) located in central Taiwan. Emission samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and were analyzed with a system of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Higher emission factors of total VOCs (∑VOCs) were observed for stencil printing (423 mg-VOC kg-1) compared to other emission industries. Alkanes constituted the most prominent group of VOCs for steel foundry (41.6%), aluminum foundry (25.1%) and synthetic resin industries (25.0%). Oxygenated VOCs were obtained as the most abundant group in the organic solvent (80.3%), polyester resin (80.0%) and PU leather (75.0%) industries. Moreover, emissions from acrylic resin manufacturing had higher contributions from aromatic compounds (> 95%). Toluene was the topmost compound in terms of its contribution to ∑VOCs in plastic tape manufacturing (44.4%), aluminum foundry (39.6%), steel foundry (11.6%), plastic coating (64.3%) and stencil printing (35.3%). Analysis of ozone formation potentials showed that the metal product and machinery acrylic resin manufacturing and stencil printing had a higher normalized ROFP index and belonged to Level-I emission sources. However, in terms of the RCR, integrated iron and steel manufacturing had the highest normalized RCR index belonged to level-I emission sources. Level-I represents the most important VOC emission sources. This study provides a reactivity- and carcinogenicity-based approach to identify high-priority VOC emission sources. The results of this study would help formulate emission reduction policies and strategies for manufacturing industries.

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“…So, some of the VOCs may travel over large distances and enter the human body mainly through inhalation or skin absorption causing varieties of health effects [15]. Human health effects can vary among VOC species, ranging from irritants to cancerous illnesses [16][17][18]. For example, exposure to BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) has been associated with toxicological effects such as depression, respiratory diseases, damage to the circulatory system and cancer [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

Yang

Gupta

Dhital

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manufacturing industries are one of the important emission sectors of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOC emission factors, relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) and relative carcinogenic risk (RCR) were estimated for manufacturing industries (n=13) located in central Taiwan. Emission samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and were analyzed with a system of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Higher emission factors of total VOCs (∑VOCs) were observed for stencil printing (423 mg-VOC kg-1) compared to other emission industries. Alkanes constituted the most prominent group of VOCs for steel foundry (42%), aluminum foundry (25%) and synthetic resin industries (25%). Oxygenated VOCs were the most abundant group in the organic solvent (80%), polyester resin (80%) and polyurethane (75%) industries. Moreover, emissions from acrylic resin manufacturing had a major contribution from aromatic compounds (> 95%). Toluene was the topmost compound in terms of its contribution to ∑VOCs in plastic tape manufacturing (44%), aluminum foundry (40%), steel foundry (12%), plastic coating (64%) and stencil printing (35%). Analysis of ozone formation potentials showed that the metal product and machinery acrylic resin manufacturing and stencil printing had a higher normalized relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) index and belonged to Level-I emission sources. However, in terms of the relative carcinogenic risk (RCR), integrated iron and steel manufacturing had the highest normalized RCR index that belonged to level-I emission sources. Level-I represents the most important VOC emission sources. This study provides a reactivity- and carcinogenicity-based approach to identify high-priority VOC emission sources. The results of this study would help formulate emission reduction policies and strategies for manufacturing industries.

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Air Pollution Profiles and Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds above a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Taiwan

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

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