Air quality and health-related impacts of traditional and alternate jet fuels from airport aircraft operations in the U.S.

Arter, Calvin A.; Buonocore, Jonathan J.; Moniruzzaman, Chowdhury G.; Yang, De Ren; Huang, Jiaoyan; Arunachalam, Saravanan

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106958

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Health impacts of ozone from transportation emissions have been previously modeled for the years 2005, 2011, and 2018 and are estimated to be much smaller than PM 2.5 -related impacts . However, recent evidence also suggest that ozone and NO 2 -related mortalities might be seriously underestimated . This study employs the mortality hazard ratio of 1.078 for all-cause mortality from the American Cancer Society (ACS) re-analysis study to estimate premature deaths using a linear C–R function with no threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future research could usefully explore the impact on results of (1) alternative models and modeling approaches, (2) grid cell size, , (3) alternative concentration–response functions (e.g., a supralinear C–R) or allowing the C–R to vary by source, geography, or chemical components, − (4) health impacts of tropospheric (i.e., ground level) ozone formation from NO x and VOC emissions from transportation modes, , (5) improved modeling of routes between origin and destination using additional parameters such as travel time, congestion, and road conditions, and (6) emission factors that are characterized by route conditions and include non-tailpipe emissions, e.g., tire emissions from wear and tear on road . Health impacts of ozone from transportation emissions have been previously modeled for the years 2005, 2011, and 2018 and are estimated to be much smaller than PM 2.5 -related impacts .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 19 However, recent evidence also suggest that ozone and NO 2 -related mortalities might be seriously underestimated. 90 This study employs the mortality hazard ratio of 1.078 for all-cause mortality from the American Cancer Society (ACS) re-analysis study 74 to estimate premature deaths using a linear C–R function with no threshold. Alternative mortality hazard ratios exist, such as Lepeule et al (i.e., reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities (H6C) study) [1.14, 95% CI = 1.07–1.22], 92 Vodonos et al [1.129, 95% CI = 1.109–1.150], 93 and Pope et al [1.12, 95% CI = 1.08–1.15], 94 indicating that mortality impacts estimated in this work may be underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Health, Racial/Ethnic Health Disparity, and Climate Impacts of Inter-Regional Freight Transport in the United States

Thind

Tessum

Marshall

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We quantify and compare three environmental impacts from inter-regional freight transportation in the contiguous United States: total mortality attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, racial–ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable mortality, and CO2 emissions. We compare all major freight modes (truck, rail, barge, aircraft) and routes (∼30,000 routes). Our study is the first to comprehensively compare each route separately and the first to explore racial–ethnic exposure disparities by route and mode, nationally. Impacts (health, health disparity, climate) per tonne of freight are the largest for aircraft. Among nonaircraft modes, per tonne, rail has the largest health and health-disparity impacts and the lowest climate impacts, whereas truck transport has the lowest health impacts and greatest climate impactsan important reminder that health and climate impacts are often but not always aligned. For aircraft and truck, average monetized damages per tonne are larger for climate impacts than those for PM2.5 air pollution; for rail and barge, the reverse holds. We find that average exposures from inter-regional truck and rail are the highest for White non-Hispanic people, those from barge are the highest for Black people, and those from aircraft are the highest for people who are mixed/other race. Level of exposure and disparity among racial–ethnic groups vary in urban versus rural areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Health, Racial/Ethnic Health Disparity, and Climate Impacts of Inter-Regional Freight Transport in the United States

Thind

Tessum

Marshall

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…To estimate the health impacts of ambient ground level concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and ozone, we used BenMAPR, which is a geospatial health impact assessment model in R that is based on the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) from the U.S. EPA (Sacks et al., 2018 ), and was used in two recent studies (Arter et al., 2022 ; Buonocore et al., 2023 ). BenMAPR accepts gridded air pollution concentration outputs from CMAQ and overlays them with (a) population data from the U.S. American Community Survey from the U.S. Census Bureau; (b) data on background rates of health outcomes from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Health Care Utilization Project, and BenMAP from the U.S. EPA; and (c) concentration response functions relating air pollution exposure and changes in risks for health outcomes from the epidemiological literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Health Impacts of Onshore Oil and Gas Flaring and Venting Activities Estimated Using Refined Satellite‐Based Emissions

Tran,

Polka,

Buonocore

et al. 2024

GeoHealth

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Emissions from flaring and venting (FV) in oil and gas (O&G) production are difficult to quantify due to their intermittent activities and lack of adequate monitoring and reporting. Given their potentially significant contribution to total emissions from the O&G sector in the United States, we estimate emissions from FV using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite satellite observations and state/local reported data on flared gas volume. These refined estimates are higher than those reported in the National Emission Inventory: by up to 15 times for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), two times for sulfur dioxides, and 22% higher for nitrogen oxides (NOx). Annual average contributions of FV to ozone (O3), NO2, and PM2.5 in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) are less than 0.15%, but significant contributions of up to 60% are found in O&G fields with FV. FV contributions are higher in winter than in summer months for O3 and PM2.5; an inverse behavior is found for NO2. Nitrate aerosol contributions to PM2.5 are highest in the Denver basin whereas in the Permian and Bakken basins, sulfate and elemental carbon aerosols are the major contributors. Over four simulated months in 2016 for the entire CONUS, FV contributes 210 additional instances of exceedances to the daily maximum 8‐hr average O3 and has negligible contributions to exceedance of NO2 and PM2.5, given the current form of the national ambient air quality standards. FV emissions are found to cause over $7.4 billion in health damages, 710 premature deaths, and 73,000 asthma exacerbations among children annually.

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“…For NO 2 -attributable premature mortalities, we use a CRF associating all-cause mortality to long-term effect of NO 2 exposure with a hazard ratio of 1.04 (95%CI 1.02–1.06) per 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 [ 74 ]. This approach is similar to what was used in a recent study that focused on NO 2 -related premature mortalities from commercial aviation [ 75 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hyperlocal hybrid data fusion near-road PM2.5 and NO2 annual risk and environmental justice assessment across the United States

2023

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Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. TRAP concentrations are highest meters away from major roads, and disproportionately affect minority (i.e., non-white) populations often considered the most vulnerable to TRAP exposure. To demonstrate an improved assessment of on-road emissions and to quantify exposure inequity in this population, we develop and apply a hybrid data fusion approach that utilizes the combined strength of air quality observations and regional/local scale models to estimate air pollution exposures at census block resolution for the entire U.S. We use the regional photochemical grid model CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) to predict the spatiotemporal impacts at local/regional scales, and the local scale dispersion model, R-LINE (Research LINE source) to estimate concentrations that capture the sharp TRAP gradients from roads. We further apply the Regionalized Air quality Model Performance (RAMP) Hybrid data fusion technique to consider the model’s nonhomogeneous, nonlinear performance to not only improve exposure estimates, but also achieve significant model performance improvement. With a R2 of 0.51 for PM2.5 and 0.81 for NO2, the RAMP hybrid method improved R2 by ~0.2 for both pollutants (an increase of up to ~70% for PM2.5 and ~31% NO2). Using the RAMP Hybrid method, we estimate 264,516 [95% confidence interval [CI], 223,506–307,577] premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 from all sources, a ~1% overall decrease in CMAQ-estimated premature mortality compared to RAMP Hybrid, despite increases and decreases in some locations. For NO2, RAMP Hybrid estimates 138,550 [69,275–207,826] premature deaths, a ~19% increase (22,576 [11,288 – 33,864]) compared to CMAQ. Finally, using our RAMP hybrid method to estimate exposure inequity across the U.S., we estimate that Minorities within 100 m from major roads are exposed to up to 15% more PM2.5 and up to 35% more NO2 than their White counterparts.

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Air quality and health-related impacts of traditional and alternate jet fuels from airport aircraft operations in the U.S.

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Environmental Health, Racial/Ethnic Health Disparity, and Climate Impacts of Inter-Regional Freight Transport in the United States

Environmental Health, Racial/Ethnic Health Disparity, and Climate Impacts of Inter-Regional Freight Transport in the United States

Air Quality and Health Impacts of Onshore Oil and Gas Flaring and Venting Activities Estimated Using Refined Satellite‐Based Emissions

A hyperlocal hybrid data fusion near-road PM2.5 and NO2 annual risk and environmental justice assessment across the United States

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