Air-suspension particle coating in the food industry: Part I — state of the art

Microencapsulation Quality and Efficiency of Lactobacillus casei by Spray Drying Using Maltodextrin and Vegetable Extracts

“…The encapsulation processes have been widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry in aim to protect an active compound from environmental conditions (oxygen, water, acid, interactions with other ingredients), which may affect its stability during processing, to impart controlled release or to change its physical properties, reducing stickiness during storage or transportation (Boonyai, Bhandhari, & Howes, 2004;Palzer, 2005;Fuchs et al, 2006;Werner, Jones, Paterson, Archer, & Pearce, 2007). The product obtained from the different encapsulation technologies can be classified according to the final product size; they are called capsules or macrocapsules when these are bigger than 5,000 µm, microcapsules when the size is between 0.1 and 5,000 µm and nanocapsules when these are smaller than 0.1 µm (Baker, 1987;Murugesan & Orsat, 2012).…”

Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: A Review of Encapsulation, Safety and Thermal Characteristics

“…In this upward air chamber, the shell material is sprayed onto the suspended particles and the air is circulated again in order to achieve the required thickness of the coating, along with drying the capsules [180]. This complex process, with almost 20 parameters, is generally applied in the pharmaceutical industry [192]. Micro-processes (drying, droplet impact and spreading, and stickiness) are identified [193], which play a vital role in the efficiency of this method.…”

“…Size range (0.2-20 µm) [202] Low critical temperature value Nontoxic Nonflammable [178] Readily available [178] Highly pure [177] Cost effective [178] Can produce Nano-capsules [178] Replacement of organic solvents [153] Size range (0. Low-cost [164] Higher production volume [164] Size range (600-5000 µm) [152] Low cost equipment [153,164] Used in pharmaceutical industry for pills [194] and in food industry for candies [200] Demerits Non-biocompatible career material Organic solvents [153] NA Aldehyde as hardener being toxic [164] Difficult to scale-up [164] Agglomeration of Nano-particles [164] Necessity of complete salt removal from encapsulated product [165] Inorganic shell with high thermal conductivity as non-insulator for building applications [164] Still under research [153] Restricted to lab scale production [164] Restricted to pharmaceutical industry only [182,183] High temperature Agglomeration of particles Remaining uncoated [163] NA High temperature [164] Suitable for bio-encapsulation [164] Clogging problems [191] High skill level required [164] Not suitable to encapsulate PCM [194] Applied only to solid cores [195] Agglomeration of particles [164] Substantially non-uniform [196] Complex process involving nearly 20 variables [192] Difficult to control High skill level required [153,163] Not suitable to encapsulate PCM [194] Substantially non-uniform coating...…”

Experimental Investigation and CFD Simulation of Top Spray Fluidized Bed Coating System

“…Also, CFD model can evaluate the effect of system geometry (such as design of baffle and inner pipe in fluidized bed) on coating efficiency [14]. Fluidized bed coating process consists of three major steps including fluidizing solid particles, atomizing coating solution on the bed of fluidized particles, and drying the coated particles to evaporate the solvent out of coating solution [15]. The atomized droplets consist of a solute, acting as a covering layer, and a solvent in which coating material is solved or with which coating material forms a slurry solution.…”

“…There are numerous variables affecting a fluidized bed coating process [15]. These variables can be classified into three main categories including process variables, design variables and physical property variables (physical properties of coating material and solid particles).…”