Airborne exposure to inhalable hexavalent chromium in welders and other occupations: Estimates from the German MEGA database

Pesch, Beate; Kendzia, Benjamin; Hauptmann, Kristin; Gelder, Rainer Van; Stamm, Roger; Hahn, Jens‐Uwe; Zschiesche, W; Behrens, Thomas; Weiß, Tobias; Siemiatycki, Jack; Lavoué, Jérôme; Jöckel, Karl‐Heinz; Brüning, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.04.004

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cr exists mainly in two states, the trivalent (CrIII) and hexavalent (CrVI); both are used in various industrial activities such as steel works, metal finishing, petroleum refining, Cr electroplating, and leather tanning [1, 2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model

2016

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Chromium (Cr) is used in many industries and it is widely distributed in the environment. Exposure to Cr dust has been reported among workers at these industries. Beside its hazardous effects on the lungs, brain injury could be induced, as the absorption of substances through the nasal membrane has been found to provide them a direct delivery to the brain. We investigated the distribution and the effects of Cr in both brain and lung following the intranasal instillation of potassium dichromate (inPDC) in rats. Simultaneously, we used the common intraperitoneal (ipPDC) rat model of acute Cr-toxicity for comparison. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 6); each received a single dose of saline, ipPDC (15 mg/kg), or inPDC in three dose levels: 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg. Locomotor activity was assessed before and 24 h after PDC administration, then, the lungs and brain were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Treatment of rats with ipPDC resulted in a recognition of 36% and 31% of the injected dose of Cr in the brain and lung tissues, respectively. In inPDC-treated rats, targeting the brain by Cr was increased in a dose-dependent manner to reach 46% of the instilled dose in the group treated with the highest dose. Moreover, only this high dose of inPDC resulted in a delivery of a significant concentration of Cr, which represented 42% of the instilled dose, to the lungs. The uppermost alteration in the rats locomotor activity as well as in the brain and lung histopathological features and contents of oxidative stress biomarkers, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were observed in the rats treated with inPDC (2 mg/kg). The findings revealed that these toxic manifestations were directly proportional to the delivered concentration of Cr to the tissue. In conclusion, the study showed that a comparably higher concentrations of Cr and more elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were observed in brain and lung tissues of rats subjected to inPDC in a dose that is just 0.13 that of ipPDC dose commonly used in Cr-induced toxicity studies. Therefore, the study suggests a high risk of brain-targeting injury among individuals environmentally or occupationally exposed to Cr dust, even in low doses, and an additional risk of lung injury with higher Cr concentrations. Moreover, the study introduces inPDC (2 mg/kg)-instillation as a new experimental animal model suitable to study the acute brain and lung toxicities induced by intranasal exposure to Cr compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model

2016

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“…[12] The absorption could be due to ingestion, skin absorption, or inhalation. There are even case reports of transmucosal absorption, which can occur through nasal mucosa,[3] as well as dermal absorption leading to burn injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] Airborne exposure has also been reported among welders. [2] In addition, contamination of water sources and soil can lead to exposure. [56] There have been studies revealing that electronic equipment, such as mobile phones batteries, contain heavy metals such as chromium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation-related chromium toxicity a rare cause of renal failure and rhabdomyolysis

Jagannati

Iyyadurai

Sathyendra

2016

Indian J Occup Environ Med

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A 21-year-old gentleman, a worker in a mobile phone shop, was admitted with rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and pulmonary edema requiring mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis. After extensive workup and ruling out other causes, heavy metal poisoning was considered. Investigations during the course of the hospital stay revealed chromium poisoning. With repeated hemodialysis, his parameters normalized and he was discharged home in a stable condition. Diagnosis of chromium toxicity needs high index of suspicion. A history of occupational exposure might offer a clue to diagnosis. With hemodialysis and supportive care, it is a potentially salvageable condition.

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“…The MEGA database includes over 1,000,000 measurements of over 400 substances from 1972 onwards, with up to 150 pieces of information, such as type of workplace, working conditions, measured substances, sampling strategy, sampling duration, and sampling and analytical method [21]. Subsets of the MEGA database have been used to develop exposure profiles for inhalable nickel air exposure [45•] and hexavalent chromium [46]. The COLCHIC database was set up in 1987 and includes measurements from French interregional laboratories and the French national and safety institute laboratories; by 2001 it contained over 400,000 measurements for over 600 substances [20].…”

Section: Job-by-job Review and Exposure Decision Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Opportunities in Exposure Assessment of Occupational Epidemiology: Use of Measurements to Aid Exposure Reconstruction in Population-Based Studies

Dopart

Friesen

2017

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of review Exposure assessment efforts in population-based studies are increasingly incorporating measurements. The published literature was reviewed to identify the measurement sources and the approaches used to incorporate measurements into these efforts. Recent findings The variety of occupations and industries in these studies made collecting participant-specific measurements impractical. Thus, the starting point was often the compilation of large databases of measurements from inspections, published literature, and other exposure surveys. These measurements usually represented multiple occupations, industries, and worksites, and spanned multiple decades. Measurements were used both qualitatively and quantitatively, dependent on the coverage and quality of the data. Increasingly, statistical models were used to derive job-, industry-, time period-, and other determinant-specific exposure concentrations. Summary Quantitative measurement-based approaches are increasingly replacing expert judgment, which facilitates the development of quantitative exposure-response associations. Evaluations of potential biases in these measurement sources, and their representativeness of typical exposure situations, warrant additional examination.

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Airborne exposure to inhalable hexavalent chromium in welders and other occupations: Estimates from the German MEGA database

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model

Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model

Occupation-related chromium toxicity a rare cause of renal failure and rhabdomyolysis

New Opportunities in Exposure Assessment of Occupational Epidemiology: Use of Measurements to Aid Exposure Reconstruction in Population-Based Studies

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