Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions II: Factors controlling volatile particle production

Anderson, B. E.; Cofer, Wesley R.; Barrick, J. D.; Bagwell, Donald R.; Hudgins, C. H.

doi:10.1029/98gl00661

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The main objective of these studies was to verify the presence and quantify the abundance of H 2 SO 4 aerosol in aircraft exhaust, an important feature for the environmental assessment of aircraft emissions (Miake-Lye et al 1998;Penner et al 1999). Although numerous investigators showed that the volatility response of plume aerosol is consistent with the presence of H 2 SO 4 aerosol (Fahey et al 1995;, most volatility studies provided no or only limited size information (e.g., Anderson et al 1998;Schröder et al 1998;Paladino et al 1998;Ferry et al 1999), leading to potentially large uncertainties in the deduced abundance of H 2 SO 4 in the aerosol phase. In addition, wall losses in the volatility device, as well as incomplete evaporation and recondensation of H 2 SO 4 , could lead to systematic errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the discriminator technique has been widely applied to aircraft emissions (e.g., Fahey et al 1995;Anderson et al 1998;Schröder et al 1998;Paladino et al 1998;Ferry et al 1999). The main objective of these studies was to verify the presence and quantify the abundance of H 2 SO 4 aerosol in aircraft exhaust, an important feature for the environmental assessment of aircraft emissions (Miake-Lye et al 1998;Penner et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Schmid

Eimer²,

Hagen³

et al. 2002

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The thermal discrimination or volatility technique is a widely used method exploiting differences in aerosol volatility to discriminate between particles of different chemical composition. In recent years numerous investigators applied this technique to determine the existence and the amount of sulfuric acid in the aerosol phase of aircraft contrails forming in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Although the potential for systematic errors due to incomplete evaporation and recondensation of volatile material as well as internal wall losses was recognized by other investigators, we are not aware of any study on polydisperse aerosol (broad size distribution) incorporating these effects into the volatility technique. Here, a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) is employed to investigate the performance of a thermal discriminator designed at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR). Since sulfuric acid is of particular interest for atmospheric aerosol, this study focused on aqueous sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O) aerosol. For an operating temperature of 300 ± C and an aerosol residence time of more than 0.25 s, we found that complete evaporation of H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O aerosol occurred up to diameters of at least 1.9 ¹m, which is consistent with theoretical calculations. No evidence for recondensation was found for H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O particle surface area and mass concentrations typical for UT/LS background and aircraft plume conditions. Wall losses were measured and incorporated into a size-resolved version of the volatility method, allowing more accurate measurements of the volatile (H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O) volume fraction of polydisperse aerosol. The increased accuracy was demonstrated using well-characterized, mixed (partially volatile) H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O/NaCl aerosol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Schmid

Eimer²,

Hagen³

et al. 2002

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The visible properties of contrails change [Busen and Schumann, 1995; Gierens and Schumann, 1996], and the concentrations of volatile aerosol particles in jet engine plumes increase significantly [Anderson et al, 1998a[Anderson et al, , 1998b The only direct measurement of total sulfuric acid in exhaust plumes at cruise altitudes [Curtius et al, 1998] sets a lower limit of 0.34% on conversion. Other indirect measurements also support this lower degree of conversion, indicating that less than 2% of total fuel sulfur participates in aerosol formation [Brown et al, 1996a;Karcher et al, 1998;Yu and Turco, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO₂ emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations

Hunton¹,

Ballenthin²,

Borghetti³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. We report the results of two measurements of the concentrations and emission indices of gas-phase sulfur dioxide (EI(SO,-)) in the exhaust of an F100-200E turbofan engine. The broad goals of both experiments were to obtain exhaust sulfur speciation and aerosol properties as a function of fuel sulfur content. In the first campaign, an In all experiments the measured EI(SO2) was consistent with essentially all of the fuel sulfur appearing as gas-phase SO2 in the exhaust. However, accurate determination of S(IV) to S(VI) conversion was hampered by inconsistencies in the assays of total fuel sulfur content. IntroductionSulfur in the fuels burned by jet aircraft is the source of several gas-phase and aerosol species emitted in engine exhaust plumes, including SO2, SO3, H2SO 4, sulfate aerosols, and activated soot particles. These species contribute to the impact of the civil and military air fleets on upper troposphere/ lower-stratosphere chemistry, aerosol loading, contrail and cloud formation, radiation balance, and ozone concentration

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“…The uncertainties in the NO2 and NOx values above 7 km were about +_30 and +_10 %, respectively. Concentrations of total CN and nonvolatile CN with diameters larger than 15 nm were measured with a precision of +_10 % using the two separate CN counters as described in Anderson et al [ 1998aAnderson et al [ , 1998b. The observed concentrations in number of particles cm '3 at an ambient pressure and temperature were normalized to number per STP cm 3 (0 øC and 1013 hPa) to represent the CN mixing ratio.…”

Section: Aircraft Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aircraft emissions on NO_x in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes

Kondo¹,

Koike²,

Ikeda³

et al. 1999

Geophysical Research Letters

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Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions II: Factors controlling volatile particle production

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO₂ emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations

Impact of aircraft emissions on NO_x in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes

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Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions II: Factors controlling volatile particle production

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Investigation of Volatility Method for Measuring Aqueous Sulfuric Acid on Mixed Aerosols

Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO2 emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations

Impact of aircraft emissions on NOx in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO₂ emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations

Impact of aircraft emissions on NO_x in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes