Aircraft engine particulate matter: Macro- micro- and nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS

Wal, Randy L. Vander; Bryg, Vicky M.; Huang, Chenfu

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.003

Cited by 84 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, our data imply that the primary particle size decreases with decreasing thrust. Consistent with this hypothesis, Vander Wal et al (2014) have also observed smaller primary particle sizes at lower thrust conditions for aircraft-turbine soot. Moreover, this hypothesis is confirmed by findings of Liati et al (2014) who analyzed TEM pictures of aircraft engine exhaust particles sampled during the same A-PRIDE 5 campaign.…”

Section: Effective Densitiessupporting

confidence: 59%

Effective density and mass–mobility exponents of particulate matter in aircraft turbine exhaust: Dependence on engine thrust and particle size

Abegglen

Ďurdina

Brem

et al. 2015

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Effective Densitiessupporting

confidence: 59%

Effective density and mass–mobility exponents of particulate matter in aircraft turbine exhaust: Dependence on engine thrust and particle size

Abegglen

Ďurdina

Brem

et al. 2015

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…(Elsewhere we have observed a trend of the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio with engine power for a CFM56-2C1 running on JP-8 [50], and alternative fuels [51]. The present results suggest that the term "non-volatile PM" is perhaps an accurate descriptor.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 54%

Chemistry characterization of jet aircraft engine particulate matter by XPS: Results from APEX III

Wal

Bryg

Huang

2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The gray areas in Figure 4 represent the range of effective density distributions found for in-service aircraft turbofan engines with different combustors and running at various power levels Lobo et al 2015). The estimated d pp for these points are similar to a turbofan engine at high power (Liati et al 2014;Vander Wal et al 2014), however these mini-CAST settings produced Figure 4. Effective density distributions for test points 1-4 generated by the mini-CAST 5201C (a) and test points 5-8 generated by the mini-CAST 6203C (b).…”

Section: Effect Of Particle Morphology and Sizementioning

confidence: 96%

Response of real-time black carbon mass instruments to mini-CAST soot

Ďurdina

Lobo

Trueblood

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Soot is a climate forcer and a dangerous air pollutant that has been increasingly regulated. In aviation, regulatory measurements of soot mass concentration in the exhaust of aircraft turbine engines are to be based on measurements of black carbon (BC) calibrated to elemental carbon (EC) content of diffusion flame soot. The calibration soot must currently meet only one criterion: minimum EC to total carbon (TC) ratio of 0.8. However, not including soot properties other than the EC/TC ratio may potentially lead to discrepancies between different BC measurements. We studied the response of two instruments, the AVL Micro-Soot Sensor (MSS) and the Artium Laser-Induced Incandescence 300 (LII), to soot from two miniature combustion aerosol standard (mini-CAST) burners. By changing the air-fuel ratio, premixing nitrogen into the fuel, and using a catalytic stripper to remove volatile compounds, we produced a wide range of particle morphologies and EC contents. As the EC content decreased, both the instruments underreported the EC mass, but the LII diverged more severely. Upon closer investigation of eight conditions with EC/TC > 0.8, the LII underreporting was found independent of primary particle size, but increased with decreasing geometric mean diameter of the soot agglomerates. As the geometric mean diameter decreased from 160 nm to 50 nm, the differences between the LII and MSS increased from 15% to 50%. The results suggest that in addition to EC content, calibration procedures for the regulatory BC measurements may need to take particle size distributions into account. EDITOR Matti Maricq

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Aircraft engine particulate matter: Macro- micro- and nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS

Cited by 84 publications

References 43 publications

Effective density and mass–mobility exponents of particulate matter in aircraft turbine exhaust: Dependence on engine thrust and particle size

Effective density and mass–mobility exponents of particulate matter in aircraft turbine exhaust: Dependence on engine thrust and particle size

Chemistry characterization of jet aircraft engine particulate matter by XPS: Results from APEX III

Response of real-time black carbon mass instruments to mini-CAST soot

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