Aircraft Evacuations Onto Escape Slides and Platforms I: Effects of Passenger Motivation

McLean, G A; George, Mark H.; Funkhouser, G E; Chittum, Charles B.

doi:10.1037/e734982011-001

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Was (2010) studied the exit selection under different behavioral objectives, cooperative and selfish. Muir and Cobbett (1995) and McLean et al (1996) used a quite similar approach as Was, but also gave monetary rewards to the participants depending on their performance. Nilsson and Johansson (2009) analyzed evacuation experiments performed in a cinema theatre and studied the social influence, i.e., how people are influenced by the actions of the others.…”

Section: Human Behavior In Crowdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient and impatient pedestrians in a spatial game for egress congestion

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Today's built environment, it is common that large numbers of people gather in buildings. Also evacuations of such large crowds take place frequently all over the world. Standard safety requirements for buildings cannot always ensure safe evacuation of people in such situations, and thus, computational evacuation simulations have become a common practice in building design. The currently available simulation models are able to produce quite realistic movement and egress flows. However, there has not been much focus on modeling evacuees' behavior and decision making, which may significantly affect the outcome of evacuations.This thesis develops new modeling methods to describe the behavior of pedestrians in evacuation situations. The developed models are implemented in a state-of-the-art simulation software that combines evacuation simulation with fire simulation. The models apply game theory, which is the mathematical framework for describing strategic interaction between individuals.A novel game theoretic model for occupants' exit route selection is proposed. It describes how evacuees react to the surroundings and other evacuees' actions when deciding which exit to use. Another presented model uses spatial game theory to describe pedestrian behavior and interaction in threatening and congested situations at egress route bottlenecks. The model shows that reasonable behavior by pedestrians may lead to pushing and slow down the egress flow. In addition, a new physical approach for modeling pedestrian counterflow is given.The thesis also gives the results of an experimental study on pedestrian behavior and decision making in evacuations. It is observed that, even in simple experimental settings, people are often unable to select the fastest egress route. Another interesting finding is that the participants' attempts to cooperate may lead to slower evacuation.The developed models enable building more realistic tools for evacuation simulation, which help to better assess the safety of different venues. Also, the game theoretic models improve the understanding of how crowd-level movement and phenomena emerge from the behavior and decisions of individual crowd members. The experimental results presented in the thesis provide new insights into human behavior in evacuation situations. The results of the experiments can also be used to validate computational simulation models.Keywords evacuation, simulation, game theory, experiment, crowd, behavior Tiivistelmä Nykyään on yleistä, että suuria ihmismääriä joudutaan evakuoimaan rakennuksista. Pelkkä rakennusmääräysten noudattaminen ei aina takaa evakuoinnin turvallisuutta, joten evakuoinnin tietokonesimulaatiot ovat yleistyneet rakennusten suunnittelussa. Olemassa olevat simulaatiomallit kuvaavat ihmisjoukkojen liikkumista varsin realistisesti. Sen sijaan ihmisten käyttäytymisen ja päätöksenteon mallinnus ei ole yhtä kehittynyttä, huolimatta näiden tekijöiden merkittävästä vaikutuksesta evakuointien lopputuloksiin.Väitöskirjassa kehitetään menetelmiä evakuoitavien...

show abstract

Section: Human Behavior In Crowdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient and impatient pedestrians in a spatial game for egress congestion

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also McLean et al (1996) found that evacuation is faster under selfish than under cooperative behavioural objective, while Muir and Cobbett (1995) found the opposite. The different results can be largely explained by the different incentive systems in the two experiments.…”

Section: Cooperative Versus Selfish Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In their evacuation experiments conducted in an aircraft, Muir and Cobbett (1995) found that cooperative behaviour results in faster egress than selfish behaviour, while the results of McLean et al (1996) suggest the contrary. These results, however, are not fully comparable because of different incentive systems used to encourage the participants to stronger devotion.…”

Section: Exit Selection Behaviour In Evacuations 21 Theoretical Founmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the experiment of McLean et al (1996), selfish behaviour was produced by giving monetary rewards to those participants who evacuated among the first 25% when averaged over all the five trials where the initial seating orders were rotated. Cooperative trials did not include any rewards.…”

Section: Exit Selection Behaviour In Evacuations 21 Theoretical Founmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few previous experiments on evacuees' exit selection behaviour (Muir and Cobbett 1995, McLean et al 1996, Galea et al 2011. These experiments, however, were not designed to study the evacuees' ability to select the fastest exit route.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Elevator Trip Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Problem

Kuusinen¹,

Sorsa²,

Siikonen³

2015

Transportation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This dissertation studies people flow in buildings, especially the process of how passengers arrive at elevator lobbies, estimation of elevator passenger traffic, and human behaviour and decision making in evacuations. The arrival process is studied by taking into account, for the first time, that passengers do not always arrive and use elevators individually but rather in batches. The results suggest that the common assumption that individual arrivals follow a Poisson distribution may not hold when the proportion of batch arrivals is large.To estimate the elevator passenger traffic in a building, new mathematical models and algorithms are developed. The new methods are based on mathematical optimization, namely, linear programming, integer least squares and constraint programming. The results from numerical experiments show that the new approaches satisfy real-time elevator control requirements. In addition, randomized algorithms result in better quality passenger traffic statistics than traditional deterministic algorithms. The dissertation presents also an experimental evacuation study. The results show that people may not be able to select the fastest exit route and that cooperation may slow down the evacuation.The new estimation models and algorithms presented in this dissertation enable better elevator control and some of them are already being implemented by KONE Corporation. The results also give new insights into the process of how passengers arrive at the elevator lobbies and use elevators and into human behaviour in evacuation situations, which affect elevator and building safety planning. Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan rakennusten henkilöliikennettä, erityisesti henkilöiden saapumisprosessia hissiauloihin, hisseillä tapahtuvan henkilöliikenteen estimointia sekä henkilöiden käyttäytymistä ja päätöksentekoa rakennuksen evakuoinnissa. Saapumisprosessia tutkitaan ottaen ensimmäistä kertaa huomioon, että henkilöt eivät aina saavu ja käytä hissiä yksin vaan isommissa joukoissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että yleinen olettamus yksittäisten saapumisten Poisson jakautuneisuudesta ei välttämättä päde, kun joukkosaapumisten osuus on suuri.Rakennuksen henkilöliikenteen estimoimiseksi väitöskirjassa kehitetään matemaattisia malleja ja algoritmeja, jotka perustuvat lineaariseen optimointiin, pienimmän neliösumman kokonaislukuoptimointiin ja rajoiteoptimointiin. Numeeristen testien tulokset osoittavat, että menetelmät toteuttavat todellisen hissiohjauksen reaaliaikavaatimukset. Lisäksi satunnaistetut algoritmit tuottavat laadultaan parempia henkilöliikennetilastoja kuin perinteiset deterministiset algoritmit. Väitöskirjassa esitetään myös kokeellinen evakuointitutkimus, jonka tulokset osoittavat, että ihmiset eivät välttämättä kykene valitsemaan nopeinta poistumisreittiä ja että evakuoitavien pyrkimys yhteistyöhön voi hidastaa poistumista.Väitöskirjassa kehitetyt henkilöliikenteen estimointimallit ja -algoritmit mahdollistavat hissien tehokkaamman ohjaamisen ja osa menetelmistä on jo tuotannossa KONE...

show abstract

The Role of Herding Behaviour in Exit Choice During Evacuation

Lovreglio

Fonzone

dell’Olio

et al. 2014

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modelling of human behaviour during emergencies is an important issue to be investigated to improve the safety of transportation infrastructures. This behaviour can be influenced by both the environment (i.e. social influences) and characteristics of the users of infrastructures. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the social influences that push a user to manifest a herding behaviour during evacuations. A behavioural model based on discrete choice models is proposed by using data collected through an on-line survey. This approach is able to highlight the heterogenic tastes of decision makers that may influence this choice in exit behaviour. The results show that decision makers are influenced by both people close to the exit and their socio-economic characteristic.

show abstract

Aircraft Evacuations Onto Escape Slides and Platforms I: Effects of Passenger Motivation

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Patient and impatient pedestrians in a spatial game for egress congestion

Patient and impatient pedestrians in a spatial game for egress congestion

The Elevator Trip Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Problem

The Role of Herding Behaviour in Exit Choice During Evacuation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About